Edexcel International GCSE Geography (4GE1) revision notes
IGCSE Geography video lessons · Revision notes · IGCSE Geography past papers
Clear revision notes for every topic, each beside its video lesson.
1 River environments
- The hydrological cycle: a closed system and its stores notes
- Transfers in the hydrological cycle notes
- Drainage basins and their features notes
- River regimes and what controls them notes
- Storm hydrographs notes
- How rivers erode notes
- Weathering and mass movement in river valleys notes
- How rivers carry and drop their load notes
- Long profile and cross profiles notes
- How a river changes downstream notes
- V-shaped valleys, interlocking spurs and waterfalls notes
- Meanders and oxbow lakes notes
- Flood plains and levees notes
- Case study: the River Tay from source to mouth notes
- Water: uses, rising demand and supply notes
- Water quality and pollution notes
- Storing and supplying clean water notes
- Case study: river management in Spain notes
- Case study: river management in China notes
- Case study: managing the Blue Nile in Ethiopia notes
- Why rivers flood notes
- Predicting and preventing river floods notes
- River fieldwork: collecting the data notes
- River fieldwork: results, conclusions and evaluation notes
2 Coastal environments
- Waves and coastal erosion notes
- Longshore drift and coastal deposition notes
- Weathering and mass movement on the coast notes
- Headlands, bays, cliffs and wave-cut platforms notes
- Caves, arches, stacks and stumps notes
- Beaches, spits and bars notes
- Geology and the shape of the coast notes
- Vegetation, people and sea-level change notes
- Coastal ecosystems: coral reefs and mangroves notes
- Coastal ecosystems: sand dunes and salt marshes notes
- Inside one coastal ecosystem: the Sundarbans mangrove notes
- Coastal ecosystems under threat notes
- Case study: managing the mangrove notes
- Conflicts at the coast notes
- Why coasts flood notes
- Predicting and preventing coastal flooding notes
- Hard engineering at the coast notes
- Soft engineering and shoreline management plans notes
- Case study: coastal management in The Gambia notes
- Case study: coastal management in Sri Lanka notes
- Case study: coastal management in the UK notes
- Coastal fieldwork: collecting the data notes
- Coastal fieldwork: results, conclusions and evaluation notes
3 Hazardous environments
- Natural hazards: types and where they happen notes
- How tropical cyclones form notes
- Plates and plate boundaries notes
- Why earthquakes happen notes
- Volcanoes and hotspots notes
- Measuring hazards notes
- Why some countries are more vulnerable notes
- Case study: the Nepal earthquake, 2015 notes
- Case study: the central Italy earthquakes, 2016 notes
- Case studies: Mount Merapi and Mount Ontake notes
- Why people live with the risk notes
- Case study: Hurricane Katrina, 2005 notes
- Case study: Typhoon Haiyan, 2013 notes
- Preparing for earthquakes: warning, drills and mapping notes
- Earthquake-resistant buildings notes
- After the earthquake: short-term response and relief notes
- After the earthquake: longer-term planning notes
- Case study: managing the earthquake in Nepal notes
- Case study: managing earthquakes in Italy notes
- Case study: preparing for earthquakes in India notes
- Hazard fieldwork: collecting the data notes
- Hazard fieldwork: results, conclusions and evaluation notes
4 Economic activity and energy
- The four economic sectors notes
- Employment structure and the Clark Fisher model notes
- Reading and plotting triangular graphs notes
- Where primary and secondary activity locates notes
- Where tertiary and quaternary activity locates notes
- Why sector employment changes notes
- Case study: sector shift in Ethiopia notes
- Case study: sector shift in China notes
- Case study: sector shift in the UK notes
- Informal employment notes
- Case study: informal employment in Dhaka notes
- Population and resources: Malthus and Boserup notes
- Why energy demand keeps rising notes
- The energy gap and energy security notes
- Non-renewable energy notes
- Renewable energy notes
- Managing energy sustainably notes
- Carbon and ecological footprints notes
- Case study: energy management in Qatar notes
- Case study: energy management in India notes
- Case study: energy management in Nepal notes
- Energy fieldwork: collecting the data notes
- Energy fieldwork: results, conclusions and evaluation notes
5 Rural environments
- Biomes and what controls them notes
- The forest biomes notes
- Grasslands, deserts and tundra notes
- The goods and services ecosystems give us notes
- Farming systems notes
- Case study: farming and the Brazilian rainforest notes
- What makes a place rural notes
- Case study: rural decline in the UK notes
- Case study: pressure on the UK countryside notes
- Case study: rural change in China notes
- Case study: rural change in Kenya notes
- Reading population pyramids notes
- Farm diversification notes
- Case study: farm diversification in the UK notes
- Making rural living sustainable notes
- Case study: sustainable rural living in China notes
- Case study: sustainable rural living in Kenya notes
- Who manages rural challenges notes
- Rural fieldwork: collecting the data notes
- Rural fieldwork: results, conclusions and evaluation notes
6 Urban environments
- Urbanisation around the world notes
- Suburbanisation and counter-urbanisation notes
- What drives urbanisation notes
- The rise of megacities notes
- The problems of rapid urbanisation notes
- Urban land-use zones notes
- Why land use is arranged that way notes
- Urban challenges in developed cities notes
- Case study: urban challenges in Hong Kong notes
- Squatter settlements notes
- Informal work, pollution and quality of life in the city notes
- Development on the rural-urban fringe notes
- Greenfield versus brownfield notes
- Making urban living sustainable notes
- Case study: Masdar City notes
- Case study: Curitiba notes
- Who manages urban challenges notes
- Urban fieldwork: collecting the data notes
- Urban fieldwork: results, conclusions and evaluation notes
7 Fragile environments and climate change
- Fragile environments notes
- What causes desertification notes
- Case study: desertification of the Sahel notes
- What causes deforestation notes
- Natural causes of climate change notes
- The enhanced greenhouse effect notes
- The impacts of desertification notes
- The impacts of deforestation notes
- How climate change is damaging fragile environments notes
- How climate change is affecting people notes
- Technology and water in drylands notes
- Managing rainforests sustainably notes
- Case study: conserving Brazil's rainforest notes
- Responding to climate change notes
- Case study: the UK's response to climate change notes
- Case study: China's response to climate change notes
- Case study: the Solomon Islands and rising seas notes
8 Globalisation and migration
- Globalisation and the global economy notes
- What drives globalisation notes
- The WTO and the IMF notes
- Transnational corporations notes
- Why people migrate: push and pull notes
- Types of migration: medical, sport, tourism and economic notes
- Winners and losers of globalisation notes
- TNCs: benefits and costs for the host country notes
- The impacts of migration notes
- Six migrations compared notes
- The growth of global tourism notes
- Case study: mass tourism on Spain's Costa Blanca notes
- Geopolitics: how relations between countries shape movement notes
- Case study: how the UK manages migration notes
- Making tourism more sustainable notes
- Case studies: sustainable tourism in The Gambia and Bhutan notes
- Case study: sustainable tourism in Cyprus notes
9 Development and human welfare
- What development and human welfare mean notes
- What contributes to development notes
- Measuring development: GDP per capita notes
- Measuring development: the Human Development Index notes
- Measuring inequality and corruption notes
- The global pattern of development notes
- Why development is uneven notes
- The impacts of uneven development notes
- Case study: Italy, a divided country notes
- Demographic data and development notes
- Population structure and development notes
- International aid notes
- Agreements between governments notes
- Different views on closing the development gap notes
- Top-down and bottom-up development notes
- Case studies: top-down projects in Nigeria and the UK notes
- Case studies: bottom-up projects in Kenya and South Africa notes
10 Fieldwork - the enquiry process
- The fieldwork enquiry: question, context and hypothesis notes
- Sampling and risk assessment notes
- Primary and secondary data, quantitative and qualitative notes
- Presenting fieldwork data notes
- Analysis, conclusions and evaluation notes
11 Geographical skills
- Grid references, scale and distance notes
- Contours, relief and cross-sections notes
- Describing distributions and patterns on maps notes
- Photographs, satellite images and GIS notes
- Choosing and reading graphs notes
- Mean, median, mode and range notes
- Quartiles and the interquartile range notes
- Percentages, percentage change, ratio and proportion notes
- Scatter graphs and lines of best fit notes