Edexcel International GCSE Geography (4GE1)
Video lessons · IGCSE Geography revision notes · IGCSE Geography past papers
Every topic of Edexcel International GCSE Geography (4GE1) in short video lessons with maps, diagrams and case studies, clear revision notes, fieldwork and exam technique, and all past papers with mark schemes.
The first 5 lessons of every chapter are free.
1 River environments
- The hydrological cycle: a closed system and its stores
- Transfers in the hydrological cycle
- Drainage basins and their features
- River regimes and what controls them
- Storm hydrographs
- How rivers erode
- Weathering and mass movement in river valleys
- How rivers carry and drop their load
- Long profile and cross profiles
- How a river changes downstream
- V-shaped valleys, interlocking spurs and waterfalls
- Meanders and oxbow lakes
- Flood plains and levees
- Case study: the River Tay from source to mouth
- Water: uses, rising demand and supply
- Water quality and pollution
- Storing and supplying clean water
- Case study: river management in Spain
- Case study: river management in China
- Case study: managing the Blue Nile in Ethiopia
- Why rivers flood
- Predicting and preventing river floods
- River fieldwork: collecting the data
- River fieldwork: results, conclusions and evaluation
2 Coastal environments
- Waves and coastal erosion
- Longshore drift and coastal deposition
- Weathering and mass movement on the coast
- Headlands, bays, cliffs and wave-cut platforms
- Caves, arches, stacks and stumps
- Beaches, spits and bars
- Geology and the shape of the coast
- Vegetation, people and sea-level change
- Coastal ecosystems: coral reefs and mangroves
- Coastal ecosystems: sand dunes and salt marshes
- Inside one coastal ecosystem: the Sundarbans mangrove
- Coastal ecosystems under threat
- Case study: managing the mangrove
- Conflicts at the coast
- Why coasts flood
- Predicting and preventing coastal flooding
- Hard engineering at the coast
- Soft engineering and shoreline management plans
- Case study: coastal management in The Gambia
- Case study: coastal management in Sri Lanka
- Case study: coastal management in the UK
- Coastal fieldwork: collecting the data
- Coastal fieldwork: results, conclusions and evaluation
3 Hazardous environments
- Natural hazards: types and where they happen
- How tropical cyclones form
- Plates and plate boundaries
- Why earthquakes happen
- Volcanoes and hotspots
- Measuring hazards
- Why some countries are more vulnerable
- Case study: the Nepal earthquake, 2015
- Case study: the central Italy earthquakes, 2016
- Case studies: Mount Merapi and Mount Ontake
- Why people live with the risk
- Case study: Hurricane Katrina, 2005
- Case study: Typhoon Haiyan, 2013
- Preparing for earthquakes: warning, drills and mapping
- Earthquake-resistant buildings
- After the earthquake: short-term response and relief
- After the earthquake: longer-term planning
- Case study: managing the earthquake in Nepal
- Case study: managing earthquakes in Italy
- Case study: preparing for earthquakes in India
- Hazard fieldwork: collecting the data
- Hazard fieldwork: results, conclusions and evaluation
4 Economic activity and energy
- The four economic sectors
- Employment structure and the Clark Fisher model
- Reading and plotting triangular graphs
- Where primary and secondary activity locates
- Where tertiary and quaternary activity locates
- Why sector employment changes
- Case study: sector shift in Ethiopia
- Case study: sector shift in China
- Case study: sector shift in the UK
- Informal employment
- Case study: informal employment in Dhaka
- Population and resources: Malthus and Boserup
- Why energy demand keeps rising
- The energy gap and energy security
- Non-renewable energy
- Renewable energy
- Managing energy sustainably
- Carbon and ecological footprints
- Case study: energy management in Qatar
- Case study: energy management in India
- Case study: energy management in Nepal
- Energy fieldwork: collecting the data
- Energy fieldwork: results, conclusions and evaluation
5 Rural environments
- Biomes and what controls them
- The forest biomes
- Grasslands, deserts and tundra
- The goods and services ecosystems give us
- Farming systems
- Case study: farming and the Brazilian rainforest
- What makes a place rural
- Case study: rural decline in the UK
- Case study: pressure on the UK countryside
- Case study: rural change in China
- Case study: rural change in Kenya
- Reading population pyramids
- Farm diversification
- Case study: farm diversification in the UK
- Making rural living sustainable
- Case study: sustainable rural living in China
- Case study: sustainable rural living in Kenya
- Who manages rural challenges
- Rural fieldwork: collecting the data
- Rural fieldwork: results, conclusions and evaluation
6 Urban environments
- Urbanisation around the world
- Suburbanisation and counter-urbanisation
- What drives urbanisation
- The rise of megacities
- The problems of rapid urbanisation
- Urban land-use zones
- Why land use is arranged that way
- Urban challenges in developed cities
- Case study: urban challenges in Hong Kong
- Squatter settlements
- Informal work, pollution and quality of life in the city
- Development on the rural-urban fringe
- Greenfield versus brownfield
- Making urban living sustainable
- Case study: Masdar City
- Case study: Curitiba
- Who manages urban challenges
- Urban fieldwork: collecting the data
- Urban fieldwork: results, conclusions and evaluation
7 Fragile environments and climate change
- Fragile environments
- What causes desertification
- Case study: desertification of the Sahel
- What causes deforestation
- Natural causes of climate change
- The enhanced greenhouse effect
- The impacts of desertification
- The impacts of deforestation
- How climate change is damaging fragile environments
- How climate change is affecting people
- Technology and water in drylands
- Managing rainforests sustainably
- Case study: conserving Brazil's rainforest
- Responding to climate change
- Case study: the UK's response to climate change
- Case study: China's response to climate change
- Case study: the Solomon Islands and rising seas
8 Globalisation and migration
- Globalisation and the global economy
- What drives globalisation
- The WTO and the IMF
- Transnational corporations
- Why people migrate: push and pull
- Types of migration: medical, sport, tourism and economic
- Winners and losers of globalisation
- TNCs: benefits and costs for the host country
- The impacts of migration
- Six migrations compared
- The growth of global tourism
- Case study: mass tourism on Spain's Costa Blanca
- Geopolitics: how relations between countries shape movement
- Case study: how the UK manages migration
- Making tourism more sustainable
- Case studies: sustainable tourism in The Gambia and Bhutan
- Case study: sustainable tourism in Cyprus
9 Development and human welfare
- What development and human welfare mean
- What contributes to development
- Measuring development: GDP per capita
- Measuring development: the Human Development Index
- Measuring inequality and corruption
- The global pattern of development
- Why development is uneven
- The impacts of uneven development
- Case study: Italy, a divided country
- Demographic data and development
- Population structure and development
- International aid
- Agreements between governments
- Different views on closing the development gap
- Top-down and bottom-up development
- Case studies: top-down projects in Nigeria and the UK
- Case studies: bottom-up projects in Kenya and South Africa
10 Fieldwork - the enquiry process
- The fieldwork enquiry: question, context and hypothesis
- Sampling and risk assessment
- Primary and secondary data, quantitative and qualitative
- Presenting fieldwork data
- Analysis, conclusions and evaluation
11 Geographical skills
- Grid references, scale and distance
- Contours, relief and cross-sections
- Describing distributions and patterns on maps
- Photographs, satellite images and GIS
- Choosing and reading graphs
- Mean, median, mode and range
- Quartiles and the interquartile range
- Percentages, percentage change, ratio and proportion
- Scatter graphs and lines of best fit