IGCSE Geography / Urban environments

Who manages urban challenges

Edexcel International GCSE Geography (4GE1), chapter 6: Urban environments, specification point 6.3c. Part of the full course.

Read the revision notes · IGCSE Geography past papers

Urban challenges are managed by four groups: planners, politicians, property developers and industrialists. They have different roles and priorities, so managing a city means balancing their decisions to improve social, economic and environmental conditions.

More lessons in Urban environments

• Urbanisation around the world
• Suburbanisation and counter-urbanisation
• What drives urbanisation
• The rise of megacities
• The problems of rapid urbanisation
• Urban land-use zones
• Why land use is arranged that way
• Urban challenges in developed cities
• Case study: urban challenges in Hong Kong
• Squatter settlements
• Informal work, pollution and quality of life in the city
• Development on the rural-urban fringe
• Greenfield versus brownfield
• Making urban living sustainable
• Case study: Masdar City
• Case study: Curitiba
• Urban fieldwork: collecting the data
• Urban fieldwork: results, conclusions and evaluation