IGCSE Biology / Blood and circulation

Vaccination, memory cells and the secondary response

Edexcel International GCSE Biology (4BI1), chapter 5: Blood and circulation, specification point 2.63B. Part of the full course.

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Vaccines expose the immune system to pathogen antigens without causing the disease. This creates memory cells, which help the body produce antibodies more quickly and in greater quantity if the real pathogen arrives.

More lessons in Blood and circulation

• Why small organisms manage without a transport system and large ones cannot
• Double circulation
• The structure of the heart
• How the heart beats
• Coronary arteries and heart disease
• How heart rate changes during exercise and under adrenaline
• Adrenaline and the body's response
• Arteries, veins and capillaries
• Plasma, red cells, white cells and platelets
• Phagocytes, antibodies and clotting