https://learnyoursubject.com/2026-10-23 https://learnyoursubject.com/subjects2026-10-23 https://learnyoursubject.com/plans2026-10-23 https://learnyoursubject.com/help2026-10-23 https://learnyoursubject.com/signup2026-10-23 https://learnyoursubject.com/terms2026-10-17 https://learnyoursubject.com/privacy2026-10-17 https://learnyoursubject.com/legal-notice2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/past-papers2026-10-15 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/notes2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/directed-numbers2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/directed-numbers.jpgDirected numbers | IGCSE MathsDirected numbers are positive and negative numbers. Use the right rule for each operation, then check how the answer relates to zero.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/directed-numbers.mp4349yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/directed-numbers/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/equivalent-fractions2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/equivalent-fractions.jpgEquivalent fractions and simplifying | IGCSE MathsEquivalent fractions have the same value, even when their numerators and denominators look different. You can make them by multiplying both parts by the same number, or simplify them by dividing both parts by a common factor.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/equivalent-fractions.mp4296yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/equivalent-fractions/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/mixed-numbers2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/mixed-numbers.jpgMixed numbers and improper fractions | IGCSE MathsA mixed number and an improper fraction are two ways to write the same amount. Convert mixed numbers to improper fractions for calculations, then convert back only if the question asks for a mixed number.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/mixed-numbers.mp4318yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/mixed-numbers/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/adding-and-subtracting-fractions2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/adding-and-subtracting-fractions.jpgAdding and subtracting fractions | IGCSE MathsTo add or subtract fractions, first rewrite them with a common denominator, then add or subtract only the numerators. Convert mixed numbers to improper fractions before you begin to avoid borrowing.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/adding-and-subtracting-fractions.mp4309yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/adding-and-subtracting-fractions/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/fraction-of-a-quantity2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/fraction-of-a-quantity.jpgA fraction of a quantity | IGCSE MathsTo find a fraction of an amount, divide by the denominator and multiply by the numerator. To write one number as a fraction of another, put the whole amount on the bottom and simplify.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/fraction-of-a-quantity.mp4292yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/fraction-of-a-quantity/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/multiplying-and-dividing-fractions2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/multiplying-and-dividing-fractions/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/ordering-decimals2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/ordering-decimals/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/fractions-decimals-percentages2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/fractions-decimals-percentages/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/recurring-decimals-to-fractions2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/recurring-decimals-to-fractions/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/mixed-recurring-decimals2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/mixed-recurring-decimals/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/rounding-dp-and-sf2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/rounding-dp-and-sf/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/estimating-by-rounding2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/estimating-by-rounding/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/finding-upper-and-lower-bounds2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/finding-upper-and-lower-bounds/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/calculating-with-bounds2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/calculating-with-bounds/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/ratio-and-fraction-links2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/ratio-and-fraction-links.jpgRatio and fraction links | IGCSE MathsRatios and fractions describe the same parts in different ways. You need to simplify ratios and choose the correct denominator when changing between ratios and fractions.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/ratio-and-fraction-links.mp4378yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/ratio-and-fraction-links/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/sharing-in-a-ratio2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/sharing-in-a-ratio.jpgSharing in a ratio | IGCSE MathsTo share an amount in a ratio, find the value of one part, then multiply it by each share. If two ratios overlap, match the shared quantity first so you can join them into one ratio.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/sharing-in-a-ratio.mp4386yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/sharing-in-a-ratio/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/changing-ratios2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/changing-ratios.jpgChanging ratios | IGCSE MathsWhen a ratio changes, use algebra to represent the starting amounts and form an equation from the new ratio. If one person's share is given, divide by their number of parts to find one part.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/changing-ratios.mp4352yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/changing-ratios/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/ratio-word-problems2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/ratio-word-problems.jpgRatio word problems | IGCSE MathsRatio word problems are solved by identifying what the given number represents before dividing. It may be one person's share, the difference between two shares, or the whole amount, and each uses a different number of ratio parts.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/ratio-word-problems.mp4381yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/ratio-word-problems/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/percentage-of-an-amount2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/percentage-of-an-amount.jpgPercentage of an amount | IGCSE MathsA percentage is a number of parts per hundred, so you can find a percentage of an amount by multiplying by its decimal multiplier. You can also build percentages from 10%, 5% and 1%, which is useful without a calculator.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/percentage-of-an-amount.mp4295yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/percentage-of-an-amount/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/one-number-as-a-percentage2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/one-number-as-a-percentage/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/percentage-increase-and-decrease2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/percentage-increase-and-decrease/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/repeated-percentage-change2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/repeated-percentage-change/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/compound-interest2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/compound-interest/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/depreciation-and-decay2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/depreciation-and-decay/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/compound-interest-reverse-problems2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/compound-interest-reverse-problems/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/squares-cubes-and-roots2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/squares-cubes-and-roots.jpgSquares, cubes and their roots | IGCSE MathsSquares and cubes are powers made by multiplying a number by itself, while roots undo those operations. Knowing common squares and cubes helps you calculate accurately and work more quickly without a calculator.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/squares-cubes-and-roots.mp4334yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/squares-cubes-and-roots/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/evaluating-fractional-powers2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/evaluating-fractional-powers.jpgEvaluating fractional powers | IGCSE MathsA fractional power tells you to take a root and then raise the result to a power. Reading the fraction correctly helps you evaluate expressions accurately and keep the numbers manageable.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/evaluating-fractional-powers.mp4324yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/evaluating-fractional-powers/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/index-laws-negative-zero2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/index-laws-negative-zero.jpgIndex laws with negative and zero powers | IGCSE MathsThe zero and negative index rules both come from the law for dividing powers with the same base. Knowing when the bases match helps you simplify expressions without using an index law incorrectly.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/index-laws-negative-zero.mp4333yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/index-laws-negative-zero/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/evaluating-negative-powers2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/evaluating-negative-powers.jpgEvaluating negative powers | IGCSE MathsA negative power means take the reciprocal, then use the matching positive power. This helps you evaluate powers correctly and avoid mistaking a negative power for a negative answer.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/evaluating-negative-powers.mp4331yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/evaluating-negative-powers/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/index-laws-whole-numbers2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/index-laws-whole-numbers.jpgIndex laws with whole-number powers | IGCSE MathsIndex laws let you simplify powers without writing out every multiplication. They work by counting how many copies of the same base there are, so the base must match wherever you use a law.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/index-laws-whole-numbers.mp4297yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/index-laws-whole-numbers/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/standard-form-arithmetic2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/standard-form-arithmetic/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/standard-form-problem-solving2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/standard-form-problem-solving/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/factors-multiples-and-primes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/factors-multiples-and-primes/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/prime-factor-decomposition2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/prime-factor-decomposition/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/hcf-and-lcm2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/hcf-and-lcm/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/order-of-operations2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/order-of-operations.jpgOrder of operations | IGCSE MathsThe order of operations tells you which calculation to do first when an expression has several operations. Applying it correctly gives one reliable answer and helps you avoid common errors.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/order-of-operations.mp4323yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/order-of-operations/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/collecting-like-terms2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/collecting-like-terms.jpgCollecting like terms | IGCSE MathsCollecting like terms means combining terms whose letters and powers match exactly. It helps simplify expressions, while keeping unlike terms separate.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/collecting-like-terms.mp4298yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/collecting-like-terms/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/substituting-into-a-formula2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/substituting-into-a-formula.jpgSubstituting into expressions and formulae | IGCSE MathsSubstitution means replacing letters in an expression with given numbers, then evaluating it. Brackets and the order of operations help you get the correct answer, especially when a value is negative.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/substituting-into-a-formula.mp4284yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/substituting-into-a-formula/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/index-laws-with-algebra2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/index-laws-with-algebra.jpgIndex laws with algebraic terms | IGCSE MathsWhen algebraic terms have the same letter, handle the numbers and the powers separately. This lets you apply index laws correctly and avoid common errors with brackets.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/index-laws-with-algebra.mp4282yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/index-laws-with-algebra/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/fractional-indices2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/fractional-indices.jpgFractional indices | IGCSE MathsA fractional index tells you to take a root and then a power. The usual index laws still work with fractional powers, so you can simplify expressions by adding powers when the bases match.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/fractional-indices.mp4288yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/fractional-indices/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/expanding-a-single-bracket2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/expanding-a-single-bracket/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/expanding-double-brackets2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/expanding-double-brackets/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/expanding-triple-brackets2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/expanding-triple-brackets/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/factorising-a-common-factor2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/factorising-a-common-factor/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/factorising-simple-quadratics2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/factorising-simple-quadratics/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/factorising-with-a-coefficient2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/factorising-with-a-coefficient/notes2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/difference-of-two-squares2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/difference-of-two-squares/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/writing-a-formula2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/writing-a-formula/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/changing-the-subject2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/changing-the-subject/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/subject-as-a-power2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/subject-as-a-power/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/expressions-equations-identities2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/expressions-equations-identities.jpgExpressions, equations and identities | IGCSE MathsExpressions, equations, identities and formulae are different kinds of algebraic statements. Recognising which one you have tells you whether to simplify, solve or substitute.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/expressions-equations-identities.mp4345yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/expressions-equations-identities/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/solving-linear-equations2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/solving-linear-equations.jpgSolving linear equations | IGCSE MathsTo solve a linear equation with x on both sides, collect the x terms on one side, then isolate x. Expand brackets first, and check your answer by substituting it into the original equation.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/solving-linear-equations.mp4378yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/solving-linear-equations/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/setting-up-an-equation2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/setting-up-an-equation.jpgSetting up an equation from a problem | IGCSE MathsTo set up an equation from a word problem, choose a simple quantity to call x and express the other quantities in terms of it. Use the statement that gives equal amounts to form the equation, then make sure you answer the question that was asked.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/setting-up-an-equation.mp4293yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/setting-up-an-equation/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/equations-with-brackets2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/equations-with-brackets.jpgEquations with brackets | IGCSE MathsTo solve a linear equation with brackets, expand first, then collect terms and isolate the unknown. Checking by substituting your answer can catch errors.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/equations-with-brackets.mp4327yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/equations-with-brackets/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/equations-with-fractions2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/equations-with-fractions.jpgEquations with fractions | IGCSE MathsClear fractions by multiplying every term in the equation by the smallest number that all the denominators divide into. Then solve the resulting ordinary equation, taking care to keep each fraction's whole numerator together in brackets.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/equations-with-fractions.mp4384yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/equations-with-fractions/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/coordinates-four-quadrants2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/coordinates-four-quadrants.jpgCoordinates in all four quadrants | IGCSE MathsCoordinates are written as (x, y): x gives the horizontal position and y gives the vertical position. Knowing the order and the signs lets you plot or identify points in all four quadrants and on the axes.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/coordinates-four-quadrants.mp4267yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/coordinates-four-quadrants/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/midpoint-of-a-line-segment2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/midpoint-of-a-line-segment.jpgThe midpoint of a line segment | IGCSE MathsThe midpoint is the point exactly halfway between two endpoints. Find it by averaging the x-coordinates and y-coordinates separately, or work backwards by repeating the step from an endpoint to the midpoint.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/midpoint-of-a-line-segment.mp4295yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/midpoint-of-a-line-segment/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/drawing-a-line-from-a-table2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/drawing-a-line-from-a-table.jpgDrawing a straight line from a table of values | IGCSE MathsTo draw a straight-line graph, substitute each given x value into the equation, then plot the resulting coordinate pairs and join them with a ruler. Checking that the points line up helps you spot errors in your table.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/drawing-a-line-from-a-table.mp4325yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/drawing-a-line-from-a-table/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/y-equals-mx-plus-c2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/y-equals-mx-plus-c.jpgy = mx + c and the shape of the line | IGCSE MathsThe form y = mx + c describes a straight line: m gives its gradient and c gives where it crosses the vertical axis. Put the equation into this form before reading off either value.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/y-equals-mx-plus-c.mp4371yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/y-equals-mx-plus-c/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/gradient-from-two-points2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/gradient-from-two-points.jpgGradient from two points | IGCSE MathsThe gradient tells you how much a straight line climbs or drops for each 1 unit you move to the right. You can find it from two coordinates using change in y divided by change in x.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/gradient-from-two-points.mp4413yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/gradient-from-two-points/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/equation-of-a-line-through-two-points2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/equation-of-a-line-through-two-points/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/parallel-lines2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/parallel-lines/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/perpendicular-lines2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/perpendicular-lines/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/simultaneous-by-inspection2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/simultaneous-by-inspection.jpgSimultaneous equations by inspection | IGCSE MathsSolving by inspection means spotting the values of the unknowns when they are easy to see. The values must satisfy both equations, and you should switch to elimination or substitution when the answers are not obvious.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/simultaneous-by-inspection.mp4289yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/simultaneous-by-inspection/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/simultaneous-elimination2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/simultaneous-elimination.jpgSimultaneous equations by elimination | IGCSE MathsElimination solves simultaneous equations by making one pair of terms match, then adding or subtracting to remove that unknown. Find both values exactly and check them in the equation you did not use.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/simultaneous-elimination.mp4374yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/simultaneous-elimination/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/simultaneous-substitution2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/simultaneous-substitution.jpgSimultaneous equations by substitution | IGCSE MathsSubstitution solves two equations by making one letter the subject, then replacing that letter in the other equation. It is most useful when a letter already has a coefficient of 1 or −1, so the working stays simple.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/simultaneous-substitution.mp4344yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/simultaneous-substitution/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/simultaneous-graphically2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/simultaneous-graphically.jpgSimultaneous equations from a graph | IGCSE MathsA pair of simultaneous equations is true for the same values of x and y. On a graph, its solution is the point where the two lines cross, so you must read the coordinates in the order x first, then y.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/simultaneous-graphically.mp4375yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/simultaneous-graphically/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/setting-up-simultaneous-equations2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/setting-up-simultaneous-equations.jpgSetting up simultaneous equations from a problem | IGCSE MathsA problem with two unknowns needs two separate facts, which you turn into a pair of simultaneous equations. Solve for both unknowns and state what each value means.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/setting-up-simultaneous-equations.mp4279yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/setting-up-simultaneous-equations/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/whole-number-solutions2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/whole-number-solutions.jpgWhole-number solutions to an inequality | IGCSE MathsTo find whole-number solutions, first solve the inequality, then list every integer that fits. Check each end separately, because a strict sign excludes its end while a sign with a line underneath includes it.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/whole-number-solutions.mp4318yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/whole-number-solutions/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/solving-linear-inequalities2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/solving-linear-inequalities.jpgSolving linear inequalities | IGCSE MathsSolve a linear inequality by rearranging it like an equation, but reverse the inequality sign when multiplying or dividing by a negative number. Leave the solution as an inequality, which describes all the values that work.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/solving-linear-inequalities.mp4292yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/solving-linear-inequalities/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/inequality-symbols-and-number-line2026-10-08https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/inequality-symbols-and-number-line.jpgInequality symbols and the number line | IGCSE MathsInequality symbols compare values, and a number line shows which values satisfy an inequality. The circle at each boundary shows whether that boundary value is included.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/inequality-symbols-and-number-line.mp4310yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/inequality-symbols-and-number-line/notes2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/inequality-regions2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/inequality-regions.jpgRegions defined by linear inequalities | IGCSE MathsA region defined by linear inequalities is the part of a grid where all the inequalities are true at once. Draw each boundary correctly, choose the side that satisfies it, then shade and label the overlap.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/inequality-regions.mp4390yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/inequality-regions/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/number-sequences2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/number-sequences.jpgNumber sequences and term-to-term rules | IGCSE MathsA term-to-term rule explains how to move from one term to the next, while a position-to-term rule gives a term directly from its position. Checking gaps and ratios helps you identify a pattern, and a position rule is much quicker for finding a far-off term.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/number-sequences.mp4309yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/number-sequences/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/finding-a-rule-for-a-sequence2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/finding-a-rule-for-a-sequence.jpgFinding a rule for a sequence | IGCSE MathsA position-to-term rule gives any term in a sequence from its position, n. For an arithmetic sequence, use the common difference as the multiplier of n, then compare with the terms to find the adjustment.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/finding-a-rule-for-a-sequence.mp4300yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/finding-a-rule-for-a-sequence/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/arithmetic-sequences-a-and-d2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/arithmetic-sequences-a-and-d.jpgArithmetic sequences, a and d | IGCSE MathsAn arithmetic sequence has the same difference between each pair of neighbouring terms. Find its first term, a, and common difference, d, then use them to write a rule for the nth term.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/arithmetic-sequences-a-and-d.mp4399yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/arithmetic-sequences-a-and-d/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/nth-term-of-an-arithmetic-sequence2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/nth-term-of-an-arithmetic-sequence.jpgThe nth term of an arithmetic sequence | IGCSE MathsAn arithmetic sequence changes by the same amount each time. The rule uₙ = a + (n − 1)d gives you any term directly, including terms far along the sequence.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/nth-term-of-an-arithmetic-sequence.mp4409yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/nth-term-of-an-arithmetic-sequence/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/using-the-nth-term-formula-in-reverse2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/using-the-nth-term-formula-in-reverse.jpgUsing the nth term formula in reverse | IGCSE MathsUse the nth term rule backwards by setting it equal to a given number and solving for n. This tells you whether the number is in the sequence, where it appears, or which term first passes a limit.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/using-the-nth-term-formula-in-reverse.mp4381yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/using-the-nth-term-formula-in-reverse/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/finding-a-and-d-from-two-terms2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/finding-a-and-d-from-two-terms/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/sum-of-an-arithmetic-series2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/sum-of-an-arithmetic-series/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/arithmetic-series-problem-solving2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/arithmetic-series-problem-solving/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/reading-a-distance-time-graph2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/reading-a-distance-time-graph.jpgReading a distance-time graph | IGCSE MathsA distance-time graph shows how an object's distance from its starting point changes over time. Its shape tells you whether the object is moving away, stopped or returning, while its steepness shows its speed.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/reading-a-distance-time-graph.mp4288yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/reading-a-distance-time-graph/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/conversion-graphs2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/conversion-graphs.jpgConversion graphs and reading information from graphs | IGCSE MathsConversion graphs show how one unit relates to another, so you can read a converted value from the graph. Readings are estimates, and if a value lies beyond the graph, you can use the rate shown by the line.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/conversion-graphs.mp4300yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/conversion-graphs/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/modelling-with-graphs2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/modelling-with-graphs.jpgModelling with graphs | IGCSE MathsReal-life graphs show how one quantity changes with another, such as how a fare changes with distance. The graph’s shape, gradient and intercept tell you what is happening and let you calculate values.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/modelling-with-graphs.mp4267yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/modelling-with-graphs/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/angles-at-a-point-and-on-a-line2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/angles-at-a-point-and-on-a-line.jpgAngles at a point and on a line | IGCSE MathsUse three angle rules to find missing angles: angles on a straight line total 180°, angles at a point total 360°, and vertically opposite angles are equal. State the rule clearly as well as giving the angle, because the reason earns a mark.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/angles-at-a-point-and-on-a-line.mp4443yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/angles-at-a-point-and-on-a-line/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/angles-in-parallel-lines2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/angles-in-parallel-lines.jpgAngles in parallel lines | IGCSE MathsWhen a straight line crosses two parallel lines, three angle relationships help you find missing angles. Identifying the pair and naming its property in full can earn both the answer and the reason marks.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/angles-in-parallel-lines.mp4457yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/angles-in-parallel-lines/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/angle-sum-of-a-triangle2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/angle-sum-of-a-triangle.jpgAngle sum of a triangle | IGCSE MathsThe angles inside any triangle add up to 180°. You can use this property to find a missing angle and combine it with other angle rules in multi-step questions.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/angle-sum-of-a-triangle.mp4432yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/angle-sum-of-a-triangle/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/exterior-angle-of-a-triangle2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/exterior-angle-of-a-triangle.jpgExterior angle of a triangle | IGCSE MathsAn exterior angle is formed when you extend a side of a triangle beyond a corner. It equals the sum of the two opposite interior angles, which gives you a quick way to find missing angles.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/exterior-angle-of-a-triangle.mp4445yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/exterior-angle-of-a-triangle/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/angles-in-special-triangles2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/angles-in-special-triangles.jpgAngles in special triangles | IGCSE MathsSpecial triangles have angle properties you can use to find missing angles. Recognising the diagram marks and giving the correct reason helps you earn the method marks.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/angles-in-special-triangles.mp4448yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/angles-in-special-triangles/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/angle-sum-of-a-quadrilateral2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/angle-sum-of-a-quadrilateral/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/properties-of-quadrilaterals2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/properties-of-quadrilaterals/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/writing-geometrical-reasons2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/writing-geometrical-reasons/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/angle-sum-of-a-polygon2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/angle-sum-of-a-polygon/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/interior-and-exterior-angles-of-regular-polygons2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/interior-and-exterior-angles-of-regular-polygons/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/finding-the-number-of-sides-from-an-angle2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/finding-the-number-of-sides-from-an-angle/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/irregular-polygon-angle-problems2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/irregular-polygon-angle-problems/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/perimeter-and-area-of-rectangles-and-triangles2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/perimeter-and-area-of-rectangles-and-triangles/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/area-of-a-parallelogram2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/area-of-a-parallelogram/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/area-of-a-trapezium2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/area-of-a-trapezium/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/names-of-solids-faces-edges-and-vertices2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/names-of-solids-faces-edges-and-vertices/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/surface-area-of-a-cuboid2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/surface-area-of-a-cuboid/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/surface-area-of-a-triangular-prism2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/surface-area-of-a-triangular-prism/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/volume-of-a-prism2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/volume-of-a-prism/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/compound-prisms-and-volume-units2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/compound-prisms-and-volume-units/notes2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/time-intervals-money-and-currency2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/time-intervals-money-and-currency/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/converting-units-of-length-area-and-volume2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/converting-units-of-length-area-and-volume/notes2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/circumference-of-a-circle2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/circumference-of-a-circle.jpgCircumference of a circle | IGCSE MathsThe circumference is the distance all the way round a circle. You find it using the diameter and π, so it is important to use the full width across the circle and keep π unrounded until the end.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/circumference-of-a-circle.mp4335yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/circumference-of-a-circle/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/area-of-a-circle2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/area-of-a-circle.jpgArea of a circle | IGCSE MathsThe area of a circle is the space inside its edge, found using A = πr². The key is to square the radius only, and halve the diameter first if that is what you are given.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/area-of-a-circle.mp4328yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/area-of-a-circle/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/semicircles-perimeter-and-area2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/semicircles-perimeter-and-area.jpgSemicircles: perimeter and area | IGCSE MathsA semicircle has half the area and half the circumference of its full circle. To find its perimeter, add the straight diameter to the curved edge.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/semicircles-perimeter-and-area.mp4382yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/semicircles-perimeter-and-area/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/compound-area-with-circles2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/compound-area-with-circles.jpgCompound area with circles | IGCSE MathsCompound areas are found by splitting a shape into familiar parts, finding each area, then adding joined pieces or subtracting holes. Getting the radius right and halving the area of a semicircle are key to avoiding large errors.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/compound-area-with-circles.mp4348yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/compound-area-with-circles/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/arc-length-of-a-sector2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/arc-length-of-a-sector.jpgArc length of a sector | IGCSE MathsAn arc is the curved edge of a sector, and its length is the same fraction of the circle’s circumference as the sector’s angle is of 360°. Choosing the circumference rather than the area formula, and giving the answer in centimetres, helps you avoid a common exam error.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/arc-length-of-a-sector.mp4359yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/arc-length-of-a-sector/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/area-of-a-sector2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/area-of-a-sector/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/perimeter-of-a-sector2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/perimeter-of-a-sector/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/reverse-sector-problems2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/reverse-sector-problems/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/reverse-circle-problems2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/reverse-circle-problems/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/volume-of-a-cylinder2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/volume-of-a-cylinder/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/surface-area-of-a-cylinder2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/surface-area-of-a-cylinder/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/leaving-an-answer-in-terms-of-pi2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/leaving-an-answer-in-terms-of-pi/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/volume-of-a-cone2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/volume-of-a-cone/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/surface-area-of-a-cone2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/surface-area-of-a-cone/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/volume-of-a-sphere2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/volume-of-a-sphere/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/surface-area-of-a-sphere2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/surface-area-of-a-sphere/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/hemispheres-and-compound-solids2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/hemispheres-and-compound-solids/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/frustums-and-truncated-cones2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/frustums-and-truncated-cones/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/reverse-volume-and-surface-area-problems2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/reverse-volume-and-surface-area-problems/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/constructing-triangles-with-compasses2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/constructing-triangles-with-compasses.jpgConstructing triangles with compasses | IGCSE MathsConstruct a triangle from three side lengths by using a ruler and compasses to locate its third corner. The arcs show that the point was constructed, so they must remain visible for the marks.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/constructing-triangles-with-compasses.mp4434yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/constructing-triangles-with-compasses/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/perpendicular-bisector-construction2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/perpendicular-bisector-construction.jpgConstructing the perpendicular bisector of a line segment | IGCSE MathsA perpendicular bisector cuts a line segment into two equal halves at right angles. Constructing it with a straight edge and compasses also gives a line whose points are all the same distance from the segment’s ends.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/perpendicular-bisector-construction.mp4411yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/perpendicular-bisector-construction/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/angle-bisector-construction2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/angle-bisector-construction.jpgConstructing the bisector of an angle | IGCSE MathsAn angle bisector is a line from the corner of an angle that divides it into two equal angles. To construct one with a ruler and compasses, use three visible arcs and join the corner to where the last two arcs cross.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/angle-bisector-construction.mp4398yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/angle-bisector-construction/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/three-figure-bearings2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/three-figure-bearings.jpgThree-figure bearings | IGCSE MathsA bearing gives the direction of one place from another, measured clockwise from north. Bearings are used to describe directions precisely, so you need to measure from the correct north line and write every answer with three figures.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/three-figure-bearings.mp4432yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/three-figure-bearings/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/back-bearings-and-return-journeys2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/back-bearings-and-return-journeys.jpgBack bearings and return journeys | IGCSE MathsA back bearing gives the direction along the same straight line in the opposite direction. You can find it by adding or subtracting 180°, then use it to work out angles on a journey with more than one leg.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/back-bearings-and-return-journeys.mp4449yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/back-bearings-and-return-journeys/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/scale-drawings-and-bearings2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/scale-drawings-and-bearings/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/lines-of-symmetry-and-rotational-symmetry2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/lines-of-symmetry-and-rotational-symmetry.jpgLines of symmetry and rotational symmetry | IGCSE MathsA line of symmetry is a fold line that maps a shape onto itself. The order of rotational symmetry counts how many times a shape matches itself during a full turn, so these two answers must be worked out separately.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/lines-of-symmetry-and-rotational-symmetry.mp4440yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/lines-of-symmetry-and-rotational-symmetry/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/equations-of-common-mirror-lines2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/equations-of-common-mirror-lines.jpgEquations of common mirror lines | IGCSE MathsA reflection is described by the equation of its mirror line. Recognising the common mirror lines helps you name the transformation accurately and reflect points correctly.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/equations-of-common-mirror-lines.mp4419yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/equations-of-common-mirror-lines/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/reflecting-a-shape-in-a-line2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/reflecting-a-shape-in-a-line.jpgReflecting a shape in a line | IGCSE MathsA reflection flips a shape across a mirror line while keeping its size and shape unchanged. Each corner and its image must be the same perpendicular distance from the given line.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/reflecting-a-shape-in-a-line.mp4339yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/reflecting-a-shape-in-a-line/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/reflecting-in-y-equals-x-and-y-equals-minus-x2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/reflecting-in-y-equals-x-and-y-equals-minus-x.jpgReflecting in y = x and y = -x | IGCSE MathsA reflection in a diagonal mirror places each point the same perpendicular distance on the other side of the line. The coordinate rules for y = x and y = −x let you check your image and describe the transformation precisely.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/reflecting-in-y-equals-x-and-y-equals-minus-x.mp4437yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/reflecting-in-y-equals-x-and-y-equals-minus-x/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/finding-the-mirror-line-from-object-and-image2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/finding-the-mirror-line-from-object-and-image.jpgFinding the mirror line from object and image | IGCSE MathsA reflection line lies halfway between each point on a shape and its matching point on the image, at right angles to the joins. Find the halfway points and use them to identify the mirror line, then give its equation.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/finding-the-mirror-line-from-object-and-image.mp4375yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/finding-the-mirror-line-from-object-and-image/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/what-defines-a-rotation2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/what-defines-a-rotation/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/rotating-a-shape-about-a-point2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/rotating-a-shape-about-a-point/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/positive-and-negative-rotation-angles2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/positive-and-negative-rotation-angles/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/rotating-about-a-point-not-on-the-shape2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/rotating-about-a-point-not-on-the-shape/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/what-defines-a-translation2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/what-defines-a-translation/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/translating-a-shape2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/translating-a-shape/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/translation-column-vectors2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/translation-column-vectors/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/congruence-under-transformations2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/congruence-under-transformations/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/describing-a-single-transformation-fully2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/describing-a-single-transformation-fully/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/combining-two-transformations2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/combining-two-transformations/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/what-defines-an-enlargement2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/what-defines-an-enlargement/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/similarity-under-enlargement2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/similarity-under-enlargement/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/enlarging-from-a-given-centre2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/enlarging-from-a-given-centre/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/fractional-scale-factor-enlargements2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/fractional-scale-factor-enlargements/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/finding-the-centre-of-enlargement2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/finding-the-centre-of-enlargement/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/conditions-for-congruent-triangles2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/conditions-for-congruent-triangles/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/proving-triangles-are-congruent2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/proving-triangles-are-congruent/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/similar-shapes-corresponding-lengths2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/similar-shapes-corresponding-lengths/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/area-scale-factor2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/area-scale-factor/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/volume-scale-factor2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/volume-scale-factor/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/similar-solids-mass-and-capacity2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/similar-solids-mass-and-capacity/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/similar-shapes-problem-solving2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/similar-shapes-problem-solving/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/introducing-pythagoras2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/introducing-pythagoras.jpgIntroducing Pythagoras theorem | IGCSE MathsPythagoras’ theorem links the three sides of a right-angled triangle. It lets you find a missing side, but only when the triangle has a right angle.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/introducing-pythagoras.mp4258yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/introducing-pythagoras/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/finding-the-hypotenuse2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/finding-the-hypotenuse.jpgPythagoras: finding the hypotenuse | IGCSE MathsPythagoras’ theorem finds the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle by squaring and adding the two shorter sides. You must take the square root at the end, because the rule gives you the hypotenuse squared.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/finding-the-hypotenuse.mp4393yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/finding-the-hypotenuse/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/finding-a-shorter-side2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/finding-a-shorter-side.jpgPythagoras: finding a shorter side | IGCSE MathsWhen a shorter side of a right-angled triangle is missing, subtract the square of the other shorter side from the square of the hypotenuse, then take the square root. Identifying the hypotenuse first helps you choose the right calculation and check your answer.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/finding-a-shorter-side.mp4443yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/finding-a-shorter-side/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/pythagoras-in-isosceles-and-composite-shapes2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/pythagoras-in-isosceles-and-composite-shapes.jpgPythagoras in isosceles and composite shapes | IGCSE MathsPythagoras only works in a right-angled triangle, so first find or make one inside the shape. In an isosceles triangle, draw the height and halve the base; in a composite shape, pick out the right-angled triangle.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/pythagoras-in-isosceles-and-composite-shapes.mp4401yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/pythagoras-in-isosceles-and-composite-shapes/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/pythagoras-in-three-dimensions2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/pythagoras-in-three-dimensions.jpgPythagoras in three dimensions | IGCSE MathsPythagoras in three dimensions means finding a right-angled triangle inside a solid and using Pythagoras’ theorem twice. First find a diagonal across the base, then use it in a second triangle to find the long diagonal through the solid.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/pythagoras-in-three-dimensions.mp4373yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/pythagoras-in-three-dimensions/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/space-diagonal-of-a-cuboid2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/space-diagonal-of-a-cuboid/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/pythagoras-on-a-coordinate-grid2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/pythagoras-on-a-coordinate-grid/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/the-sine-ratio2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/the-sine-ratio.jpgThe sine ratio | IGCSE MathsThe sine ratio links an angle in a right-angled triangle to the opposite side and the hypotenuse. Use it to find a missing length, and check that your calculator is set to degrees.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/the-sine-ratio.mp4241yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/the-sine-ratio/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/the-cosine-ratio2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/the-cosine-ratio.jpgThe cosine ratio | IGCSE MathsThe cosine ratio links the side next to an angle in a right-angled triangle to the hypotenuse. Use it to find an unknown side when you know the angle and the hypotenuse.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/the-cosine-ratio.mp4270yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/the-cosine-ratio/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/the-tangent-ratio2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/the-tangent-ratio.jpgThe tangent ratio | IGCSE MathsThe tangent ratio links the two shorter sides of a right-angled triangle: the opposite side and the adjacent side. It helps you find a missing short side, and unlike sine and cosine, its value can be greater than 1.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/the-tangent-ratio.mp4282yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/the-tangent-ratio/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/labelling-sides-and-choosing-the-trig-ratio2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/labelling-sides-and-choosing-the-trig-ratio.jpgLabelling sides and choosing the trig ratio | IGCSE MathsLabel the sides of a right-angled triangle from the angle you are using, then choose sine, cosine or tangent to match the two sides in the question. This helps you set up the correct ratio before calculating.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/labelling-sides-and-choosing-the-trig-ratio.mp4405yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/labelling-sides-and-choosing-the-trig-ratio/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/finding-a-missing-side-with-trigonometry2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/finding-a-missing-side-with-trigonometry.jpgFinding a missing side with trigonometry | IGCSE MathsUse the angle and the sides you know to choose sine, cosine or tangent, then rearrange the ratio to find the missing side. Check calculator mode and round your answer to 3 significant figures at the end.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/finding-a-missing-side-with-trigonometry.mp4348yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/finding-a-missing-side-with-trigonometry/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/missing-side-when-the-unknown-is-in-the-denominator2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/missing-side-when-the-unknown-is-in-the-denominator/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/finding-a-missing-angle-with-inverse-trig2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/finding-a-missing-angle-with-inverse-trig/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/combining-pythagoras-and-trigonometry2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/combining-pythagoras-and-trigonometry/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/two-step-right-angled-triangle-problems2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/two-step-right-angled-triangle-problems/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/right-angled-trigonometry-with-bearings2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/right-angled-trigonometry-with-bearings/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/angles-of-elevation-and-depression2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/angles-of-elevation-and-depression/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/parts-of-a-circle-and-cyclic-quadrilaterals2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/parts-of-a-circle-and-cyclic-quadrilaterals.jpgParts of a circle and cyclic quadrilaterals | IGCSE MathsLearn the names for parts of a circle and how to recognise a cyclic quadrilateral. If all four corners of a quadrilateral lie on a circle, its opposite angles add up to 180°.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/parts-of-a-circle-and-cyclic-quadrilaterals.mp4425yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/parts-of-a-circle-and-cyclic-quadrilaterals/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/tangent-and-radius-and-two-tangents2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/tangent-and-radius-and-two-tangents.jpgTangent and radius, and two tangents from a point | IGCSE MathsA tangent meets the radius at its point of contact at 90°, which lets you use Pythagoras. Two tangents from the same point outside a circle are equal, and together with the radii they form a kite.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/tangent-and-radius-and-two-tangents.mp4319yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/tangent-and-radius-and-two-tangents/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/angle-at-the-centre-is-twice-the-circumference2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/angle-at-the-centre-is-twice-the-circumference.jpgThe angle at the centre is twice the angle at the circumference | IGCSE MathsWhen two angles stand on the same arc, the angle at the centre is twice the angle at the circumference. This lets you find either angle and explain why your answer is correct.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/angle-at-the-centre-is-twice-the-circumference.mp4368yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/angle-at-the-centre-is-twice-the-circumference/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/angle-in-a-semicircle2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/angle-in-a-semicircle.jpgThe angle in a semicircle | IGCSE MathsA diameter subtends a right angle at the circumference. Spot the diameter, use the angle in a semicircle rule, then use the triangle angle sum if you need another angle.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/angle-in-a-semicircle.mp4403yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/angle-in-a-semicircle/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/angles-in-the-same-segment2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/angles-in-the-same-segment.jpgAngles in the same segment | IGCSE MathsAngles standing on the same chord from the same side are equal. Identify the chord and check which side the points are on, so you choose the right circle theorem and give its full reason.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/angles-in-the-same-segment.mp4337yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/angles-in-the-same-segment/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/opposite-angles-of-a-cyclic-quadrilateral2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/opposite-angles-of-a-cyclic-quadrilateral/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/alternate-segment-theorem2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/alternate-segment-theorem/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/using-the-alternate-segment-theorem-in-a-reasoning-chain2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/using-the-alternate-segment-theorem-in-a-reasoning-chain/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/reasoning-chains-with-circle-theorems2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/reasoning-chains-with-circle-theorems/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/multi-step-circle-theorem-problems2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/multi-step-circle-theorem-problems/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/intersecting-chords-inside-a-circle2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/intersecting-chords-inside-a-circle/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/intersecting-secants-and-tangents-outside-a-circle2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/intersecting-secants-and-tangents-outside-a-circle/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/subsets-and-set-notation2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/subsets-and-set-notation.jpgSubsets and set notation | IGCSE MathsSet notation describes which elements belong to a set, while subset symbols compare whole sets. Listing the elements first makes intersections, unions and complements easier to work out.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/subsets-and-set-notation.mp4380yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/subsets-and-set-notation/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/sets-defined-algebraically2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/sets-defined-algebraically.jpgSets defined algebraically | IGCSE MathsAlgebraically defined sets use a rule to decide which values from the universal set are members. Solve each rule, then compare the resulting sets to find intersections, unions and complements.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/sets-defined-algebraically.mp4414yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/sets-defined-algebraically/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/counting-elements-in-sets2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/counting-elements-in-sets.jpgCounting elements in sets | IGCSE MathsThe notation n(A) tells you how many elements are in a set, while Venn diagram rules help you count unions and complements without missing or double-counting elements.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/counting-elements-in-sets.mp4415yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/counting-elements-in-sets/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/venn-diagrams-two-sets2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/venn-diagrams-two-sets.jpgVenn diagrams with two sets | IGCSE MathsA two-set Venn diagram splits a group into the parts in each set, their overlap and neither set. The regions help you represent sets, read notation and find probabilities.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/venn-diagrams-two-sets.mp4419yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/venn-diagrams-two-sets/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/venn-diagrams-three-sets2026-10-02https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/venn-diagrams-three-sets.jpgVenn diagrams with three sets | IGCSE MathsA three-set Venn diagram has eight regions, including the part outside all three sets. Fill it from the centre outwards so overlaps are counted once, then use the regions to read set notation and probabilities.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/venn-diagrams-three-sets.mp4373yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/venn-diagrams-three-sets/notes2026-10-02 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/set-problems-in-context2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/set-problems-in-context/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/bar-charts-pie-charts-and-pictograms2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/bar-charts-pie-charts-and-pictograms.jpgBar charts, pie charts and pictograms | IGCSE MathsBar charts show counts, pie charts show shares of a whole, and pictograms show counts using symbols. Knowing what to read in each chart helps you interpret data and calculate pie chart angles correctly.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/bar-charts-pie-charts-and-pictograms.mp4301yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/bar-charts-pie-charts-and-pictograms/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/two-way-tables-and-reading-diagrams2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/two-way-tables-and-reading-diagrams.jpgTwo-way tables and reading statistical diagrams | IGCSE MathsTwo-way tables organise two pieces of information and let you find missing values and probabilities. Complete each row and column from its totals, then use the correct total as the denominator.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/two-way-tables-and-reading-diagrams.mp4296yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/two-way-tables-and-reading-diagrams/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/mean-from-a-frequency-table2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/mean-from-a-frequency-table.jpgMean from a frequency table | IGCSE MathsA frequency table groups repeated values, so you need to find the total value represented by each group before calculating the mean. Divide the total value by the total frequency to find the mean per item or person.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/mean-from-a-frequency-table.mp4246yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/mean-from-a-frequency-table/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/estimated-mean-and-modal-class2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/estimated-mean-and-modal-class.jpgEstimated mean and modal class for grouped data | IGCSE MathsFor grouped data, the original values are unknown, so you use class midpoints to estimate the mean. The modal class is the interval with the highest frequency.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/estimated-mean-and-modal-class.mp4257yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/estimated-mean-and-modal-class/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/frequency-density2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/frequency-density.jpgFrequency density | IGCSE MathsFrequency density is the frequency divided by the class width. It gives the height of a histogram bar, while the bar’s area represents the frequency.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/frequency-density.mp4380yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/frequency-density/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/drawing-a-histogram2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/drawing-a-histogram/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/reading-frequencies-from-a-histogram2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/reading-frequencies-from-a-histogram/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/completing-a-histogram-from-a-part-drawn-graph2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/completing-a-histogram-from-a-part-drawn-graph/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/estimating-a-frequency-within-a-class2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/estimating-a-frequency-within-a-class/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/building-a-cumulative-frequency-table2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/building-a-cumulative-frequency-table/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/plotting-a-cumulative-frequency-diagram2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/plotting-a-cumulative-frequency-diagram/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/reading-values-from-a-cumulative-frequency-graph2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/reading-values-from-a-cumulative-frequency-graph/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/estimating-how-many-are-above-or-below-a-value2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/estimating-how-many-are-above-or-below-a-value/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/estimating-the-median-from-cumulative-frequency2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/estimating-the-median-from-cumulative-frequency/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/estimating-the-interquartile-range-from-a-graph2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/estimating-the-interquartile-range-from-a-graph/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/comparing-two-cumulative-frequency-distributions2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/comparing-two-cumulative-frequency-distributions/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/mean-median-mode-and-range2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/mean-median-mode-and-range/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/quartiles-and-interquartile-range-for-discrete-data2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/quartiles-and-interquartile-range-for-discrete-data/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/what-a-measure-of-spread-tells-you2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/what-a-measure-of-spread-tells-you/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/using-the-iqr-to-compare-distributions2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/using-the-iqr-to-compare-distributions/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/the-language-of-probability2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/the-language-of-probability.jpgThe language of probability and the probability scale | IGCSE MathsProbability measures how likely an event is, using a number from 0 to 1. You can calculate it by comparing the outcomes you want with all the equally likely outcomes, and use the scale to describe how likely the event is.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/the-language-of-probability.mp4303yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/the-language-of-probability/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/listing-outcomes-systematically2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/listing-outcomes-systematically.jpgListing outcomes systematically | IGCSE MathsA systematic list records every possible outcome of a combined event without missing or repeating any. Count the outcomes first, then use an ordered list or grid to find probabilities reliably.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/listing-outcomes-systematically.mp4281yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/listing-outcomes-systematically/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/theoretical-probability-and-sample-space2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/theoretical-probability-and-sample-space.jpgTheoretical probability and sample space | IGCSE MathsA sample space grid shows every possible outcome when two events happen together. You can use it to find probability by counting equally likely outcomes, then simplifying the fraction.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/theoretical-probability-and-sample-space.mp4261yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/theoretical-probability-and-sample-space/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/relative-frequency-and-mutually-exclusive-events2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/relative-frequency-and-mutually-exclusive-events.jpgRelative frequency and mutually exclusive events | IGCSE MathsRelative frequency uses experimental results to estimate probability and predict future outcomes. You can add probabilities to find the chance of one event or another only when the events cannot both happen.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/relative-frequency-and-mutually-exclusive-events.mp4300yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/relative-frequency-and-mutually-exclusive-events/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/expected-frequency-and-relative-frequency2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/expected-frequency-and-relative-frequency.jpgExpected frequency and relative frequency | IGCSE MathsRelative frequency uses experimental results to estimate a probability. You can use that estimate to judge whether an object may be biased and to predict how often an outcome may happen in a new set of trials.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/expected-frequency-and-relative-frequency.mp4383yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/expected-frequency-and-relative-frequency/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/multiplying-independent-probabilities2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/multiplying-independent-probabilities/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/at-least-one-and-the-complement2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/at-least-one-and-the-complement/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/tree-diagrams-with-replacement2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/tree-diagrams-with-replacement/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/tree-diagrams-without-replacement2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/tree-diagrams-without-replacement/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/three-stage-tree-diagrams2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/three-stage-tree-diagrams/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/probability-problem-solving2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/probability-problem-solving/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/conditional-probability-from-a-two-way-table2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/conditional-probability-from-a-two-way-table/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/conditional-probability-from-a-venn-diagram2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/conditional-probability-from-a-venn-diagram/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/conditional-probability-without-replacement2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/conditional-probability-without-replacement/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/forming-an-equation-from-a-probability2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/forming-an-equation-from-a-probability/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/direct-proportion2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/direct-proportion.jpgDirect proportion | IGCSE MathsIn direct proportion, one quantity is always a fixed number times another, so doubling one doubles the other when the proportion is to x. Write the relationship using k, find k from the values you know, then use the equation to find a new value.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/direct-proportion.mp4360yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/direct-proportion/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/inverse-proportion2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/inverse-proportion.jpgInverse proportion | IGCSE MathsInverse proportion means the product of two quantities stays constant, so as one increases, the other decreases in a fixed way. You model it with an equation and use that equation to find unknown values.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/inverse-proportion.mp4337yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/inverse-proportion/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/graphs-of-direct-and-inverse-proportion2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/graphs-of-direct-and-inverse-proportion.jpgGraphs of direct and inverse proportion | IGCSE MathsDirect proportion has a straight-line graph through the origin. Inverse proportion has a falling curve that approaches both axes but never touches them.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/graphs-of-direct-and-inverse-proportion.mp4365yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/graphs-of-direct-and-inverse-proportion/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/speed-distance-time2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/speed-distance-time.jpgSpeed, distance and time | IGCSE MathsAverage speed links distance and time through S = D/T, which can be rearranged to find either distance or time. Correct time and distance units matter because they determine the unit of the answer.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/speed-distance-time.mp4358yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/speed-distance-time/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/density-mass-volume2026-10-08https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/density-mass-volume.jpgDensity, mass and volume | IGCSE MathsDensity is mass divided by volume, and you can rearrange the formula to find mass. Match the mass and volume units to the density unit before calculating.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/density-mass-volume.mp4395yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/density-mass-volume/notes2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/pressure-force-area2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/pressure-force-area/notes2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/average-speed-multi-stage-journeys2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/average-speed-multi-stage-journeys/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/quadratics-by-factorising2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/quadratics-by-factorising.jpgSolving quadratics by factorising | IGCSE MathsFactorising solves a quadratic by writing it as two brackets multiplied together. First make one side zero, then set each bracket to zero to find both possible values of x.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/quadratics-by-factorising.mp4337yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/quadratics-by-factorising/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/completing-the-square2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/completing-the-square.jpgCompleting the square | IGCSE MathsCompleting the square rewrites a quadratic in a form that is easier to work with. It helps you keep track of signs and read the turning point from a quadratic curve.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/completing-the-square.mp4414yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/completing-the-square/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/completing-the-square-negative-coefficient2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/completing-the-square-negative-coefficient.jpgCompleting the square with a negative coefficient | IGCSE MathsCompleting the square when the x² term is negative means taking −1 out of the x terms first, then completing the square inside the bracket. The completed form also shows the turning point, which is a maximum when the coefficient of the squared bracket is negative.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/completing-the-square-negative-coefficient.mp4359yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/completing-the-square-negative-coefficient/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/quadratics-by-completing-the-square2026-10-08https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/quadratics-by-completing-the-square.jpgSolving quadratics by completing the square | IGCSE MathsCompleting the square is a method for solving quadratic equations, including ones that do not factorise. It turns the equation into a squared bracket, which you can undo by taking both square roots.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/quadratics-by-completing-the-square.mp4303yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/quadratics-by-completing-the-square/notes2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/quadratic-formula2026-10-08https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/quadratic-formula.jpgThe quadratic formula | IGCSE MathsThe quadratic formula solves any quadratic equation, including ones that do not factorise. Read the coefficients carefully, substitute them with brackets around negatives, and use both signs to find both answers.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/quadratic-formula.mp4394yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/quadratic-formula/notes2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/forming-quadratics-from-context2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/forming-quadratics-from-context/notes2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/drawing-a-quadratic-curve2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/drawing-a-quadratic-curve/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/reading-roots-and-the-turning-point2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/reading-roots-and-the-turning-point/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/quadratic-inequalities2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/quadratic-inequalities/notes2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/simplifying-surds2026-10-08https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/simplifying-surds.jpgSimplifying surds | IGCSE MathsA surd is a root that cannot be written exactly as a whole number or fraction. Simplifying surds and matching their roots lets you give exact answers and combine like terms.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/simplifying-surds.mp4383yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/simplifying-surds/notes2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/expanding-brackets-with-surds2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/expanding-brackets-with-surds.jpgExpanding brackets with surds | IGCSE MathsExpand brackets containing surds by making the same four multiplications as for any double bracket. Use √a × √a = a, keep each sign with its root, then collect like surds and plain numbers.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/expanding-brackets-with-surds.mp4341yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/expanding-brackets-with-surds/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/rationalising-a-denominator2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/rationalising-a-denominator.jpgRationalising a denominator | IGCSE MathsRationalising a denominator means rewriting a fraction so there is no root on the bottom, without changing its value. The final answer must also be fully simplified.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/rationalising-a-denominator.mp4338yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/rationalising-a-denominator/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/rationalising-with-conjugates2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/rationalising-with-conjugates.jpgRationalising with conjugates | IGCSE MathsA conjugate is a bracket with the middle sign flipped. Multiplying the top and bottom of a fraction by the denominator’s conjugate makes the root terms cancel, leaving a rational denominator.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/rationalising-with-conjugates.mp4367yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/rationalising-with-conjugates/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/adding-algebraic-fractions2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/adding-algebraic-fractions.jpgAdding algebraic fractions | IGCSE MathsTo add algebraic fractions, first make the denominators the same, then add the numerators. Leaving the denominator in brackets makes it easier to spot possible cancellation and gives the form expected in exams.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/adding-algebraic-fractions.mp4343yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/adding-algebraic-fractions/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/simplifying-algebraic-fractions2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/simplifying-algebraic-fractions/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/simultaneous-linear-and-quadratic2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/simultaneous-linear-and-quadratic/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/subject-appears-twice2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/subject-appears-twice/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/algebraic-proof2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/algebraic-proof/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/what-is-a-function2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/what-is-a-function.jpgWhat is a function | IGCSE MathsA function is a rule that gives every allowed input exactly one output. Knowing this definition helps you use function notation and decide whether a rule is a function.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/what-is-a-function.mp4369yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/what-is-a-function/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/function-notation-and-evaluation2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/function-notation-and-evaluation.jpgFunction notation and evaluation | IGCSE MathsFunction notation gives a rule for turning an input into an output. You need to recognise both ways it is written and substitute inputs carefully, especially when they are negative or when combining functions.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/function-notation-and-evaluation.mp4384yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/function-notation-and-evaluation/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/solving-equations-written-in-function-notation2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/solving-equations-written-in-function-notation.jpgSolving equations written in function notation | IGCSE MathsTo solve an equation such as f(x) = 11, replace f(x) with its rule and solve the resulting equation for x. Remember that if x is squared, both the positive and negative square roots may work.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/solving-equations-written-in-function-notation.mp4359yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/solving-equations-written-in-function-notation/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/domain-and-range2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/domain-and-range.jpgDomain and range | IGCSE MathsThe domain is the set of allowed inputs, and the range is the set of outputs a function can produce. Knowing which is which helps you read ranges from graphs and find them when the inputs are limited.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/domain-and-range.mp4351yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/domain-and-range/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/excluded-values-from-a-domain2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/excluded-values-from-a-domain.jpgExcluded values from a domain | IGCSE MathsSome values cannot be used as inputs because they make a fraction divide by zero or put a negative number under a square root. Finding these excluded values helps you state the domain of a function correctly.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/excluded-values-from-a-domain.mp4388yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/excluded-values-from-a-domain/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/inverse-functions2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/inverse-functions/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/composite-functions2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/composite-functions/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/solving-composite-and-inverse-function-equations2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/solving-composite-and-inverse-function-equations/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/sine-rule-missing-side2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/sine-rule-missing-side.jpgThe sine rule: finding a missing side | IGCSE MathsThe sine rule finds a missing side in any triangle, including triangles with no right angle. The key is to pair each side with the angle opposite it.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/sine-rule-missing-side.mp4346yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/sine-rule-missing-side/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/sine-rule-missing-angle2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/sine-rule-missing-angle.jpgThe sine rule: finding a missing angle | IGCSE MathsUse the sine rule with the sines on top when you need to find a missing angle. Match each side to the angle opposite it, then use inverse sine to turn the sine value into an angle.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/sine-rule-missing-angle.mp4360yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/sine-rule-missing-angle/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/ambiguous-case-of-the-sine-rule2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/ambiguous-case-of-the-sine-rule.jpgThe ambiguous case of the sine rule | IGCSE MathsThe sine rule can give two possible angles because two angles between 0° and 180° can have the same sine. You need to check the wording or diagram to decide which angle fits.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/ambiguous-case-of-the-sine-rule.mp4344yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/ambiguous-case-of-the-sine-rule/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/cosine-rule-missing-side2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/cosine-rule-missing-side.jpgThe cosine rule: finding a missing side | IGCSE MathsThe cosine rule finds a missing side when you know two sides and the angle between them. It is useful when the sine rule cannot be started, because you do not have a known side and its opposite angle.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/cosine-rule-missing-side.mp4359yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/cosine-rule-missing-side/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/cosine-rule-missing-angle2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/cosine-rule-missing-angle.jpgThe cosine rule: finding a missing angle | IGCSE MathsUse the cosine rule when you know all three sides and need an angle. Rearrange it to find the cosine, then use cos⁻¹ to get the angle.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/cosine-rule-missing-angle.mp4384yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/cosine-rule-missing-angle/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/choosing-between-sine-and-cosine-rule2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/choosing-between-sine-and-cosine-rule/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/area-of-a-triangle-half-ab-sin-c2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/area-of-a-triangle-half-ab-sin-c/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/finding-a-side-or-angle-from-a-given-area2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/finding-a-side-or-angle-from-a-given-area/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/area-of-a-segment2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/area-of-a-segment/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/angle-between-a-line-and-a-plane2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/angle-between-a-line-and-a-plane/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/trigonometry-in-pyramids-and-cones2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/trigonometry-in-pyramids-and-cones/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/three-dimensional-trigonometry-problem-solving2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/three-dimensional-trigonometry-problem-solving/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/drawing-cubic-graphs2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/drawing-cubic-graphs.jpgDrawing cubic graphs | IGCSE MathsA cubic graph comes from an equation with an x³ term and has a smooth, wavy shape. Make a table of values, plot every point and use the sign of the x³ term to check which way the graph runs.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/drawing-cubic-graphs.mp4412yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/drawing-cubic-graphs/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/graphs-with-reciprocal-terms2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/graphs-with-reciprocal-terms.jpgGraphs with reciprocal terms | IGCSE MathsA reciprocal graph has x underneath a number, so its curve forms two separate branches. The position of the branches depends on whether the denominator is x or x².https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/graphs-with-reciprocal-terms.mp4423yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/graphs-with-reciprocal-terms/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/solving-equations-graphically2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/solving-equations-graphically.jpgSolving equations graphically | IGCSE MathsSolve an equation from a graph by finding where the curve crosses the x-axis or meets a horizontal line. The solutions are the x-values at the crossings, not their heights.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/solving-equations-graphically.mp4366yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/solving-equations-graphically/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/finding-the-line-to-draw2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/finding-the-line-to-draw.jpgFinding the line to draw | IGCSE MathsTo solve an equation using a printed curve, rearrange it until the curve’s exact rule is on the left. Draw the remaining right-hand side as a straight line, then read the x-values where the line and curve cross.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/finding-the-line-to-draw.mp4342yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/finding-the-line-to-draw/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/sine-cosine-and-tangent-graphs2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/sine-cosine-and-tangent-graphs.jpgSine, cosine and tangent graphs | IGCSE MathsThe graphs of sin x, cos x and tan x have different starting points, repeats and ranges. Knowing their key points helps you sketch them and find every solution in a given angle range.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/sine-cosine-and-tangent-graphs.mp4385yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/sine-cosine-and-tangent-graphs/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/trig-ratios-of-obtuse-angles2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/trig-ratios-of-obtuse-angles/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/graph-translations2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/graph-translations/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/graph-stretches2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/graph-stretches/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/transforming-trigonometric-graphs2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/transforming-trigonometric-graphs/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/writing-transformed-functions-algebraically2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/writing-transformed-functions-algebraically/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/what-is-a-vector2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/what-is-a-vector.jpgWhat is a vector | IGCSE MathsA vector is a quantity with both magnitude (size) and direction. These two features tell you how vectors differ from scalars and when two vectors are equal.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/what-is-a-vector.mp4346yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/what-is-a-vector/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/column-vector-notation2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/column-vector-notation.jpgColumn vector notation | IGCSE MathsA column vector records a move: the top number gives the across movement and the bottom gives the up movement. You need to write it in the right layout and distinguish it from a coordinate, which gives a place.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/column-vector-notation.mp4338yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/column-vector-notation/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/directed-line-segment-notation2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/directed-line-segment-notation.jpgDirected line segment notation | IGCSE MathsA directed line segment names a vector by its start point and finish point. The order matters because reversing the journey gives the negative vector, a rule you need when reading diagrams and writing vector answers.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/directed-line-segment-notation.mp4371yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/directed-line-segment-notation/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/magnitude-of-a-vector2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/magnitude-of-a-vector.jpgMagnitude of a vector | IGCSE MathsThe magnitude, or modulus, of a vector is the length of its arrow. You find it using Pythagoras on the two numbers in the column vector, then scale that length when the vector is multiplied by a number.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/magnitude-of-a-vector.mp4321yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/magnitude-of-a-vector/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/adding-and-subtracting-column-vectors2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/adding-and-subtracting-column-vectors.jpgAdding and subtracting column vectors | IGCSE MathsAdd and subtract column vectors by working with matching rows: top with top and bottom with bottom. On a grid, addition is one walk followed by another, while subtraction means walking the second vector backwards.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/adding-and-subtracting-column-vectors.mp4320yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/adding-and-subtracting-column-vectors/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/resultant-of-two-or-more-vectors2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/resultant-of-two-or-more-vectors/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/subtracting-vectors-in-a-diagram2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/subtracting-vectors-in-a-diagram/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/multiplying-a-vector-by-a-scalar2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/multiplying-a-vector-by-a-scalar/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/finding-a-route-through-a-vector-diagram2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/finding-a-route-through-a-vector-diagram/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/vectors-with-ratios-on-a-line2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/vectors-with-ratios-on-a-line/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/proving-two-vectors-are-parallel2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/proving-two-vectors-are-parallel/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/proving-points-are-collinear2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/proving-points-are-collinear/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/vector-proofs-with-midpoints-and-medians2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/vector-proofs-with-midpoints-and-medians/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/variable-rate-of-change2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/variable-rate-of-change.jpgVariable rate of change | IGCSE MathsA curve’s gradient changes from point to point, so its rate of change must be measured at a named moment using a tangent. The sign of the gradient tells you whether the quantity is increasing or decreasing.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/variable-rate-of-change.mp4423yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/variable-rate-of-change/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/gradient-by-drawing-a-tangent2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/gradient-by-drawing-a-tangent.jpgGradient of a curve by drawing a tangent | IGCSE MathsA curve has a different gradient at different points, so to estimate its steepness at one point, draw a tangent there and find its gradient. On a distance-time graph, that gradient gives the object's speed at that instant.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/gradient-by-drawing-a-tangent.mp4407yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/gradient-by-drawing-a-tangent/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/differentiating-powers-of-x2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/differentiating-powers-of-x.jpgDifferentiating powers of x | IGCSE MathsDifferentiation finds the gradient of a curve at any value of x. For whole number powers, use one rule on each term: multiply by the power, then reduce the power by 1.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/differentiating-powers-of-x.mp4417yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/differentiating-powers-of-x/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/gradient-at-a-point-by-differentiation2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/gradient-at-a-point-by-differentiation.jpgGradient at a point by differentiation | IGCSE MathsDifferentiation gives a rule for the gradient at any x-value. Use it to find a gradient at a point, or set it equal to a given gradient to find the points where that steepness occurs.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/gradient-at-a-point-by-differentiation.mp4378yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/gradient-at-a-point-by-differentiation/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/differentiating-after-expanding2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/maths/differentiating-after-expanding.jpgDifferentiating after expanding | IGCSE MathsWhen a function contains multiplied brackets, expand them into separate powers of x before differentiating. Then collect like terms and differentiate each term on its own.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/maths/differentiating-after-expanding.mp4410yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/differentiating-after-expanding/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/finding-stationary-points2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/finding-stationary-points/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/maxima-and-minima2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/maxima-and-minima/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/optimisation-problems2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/optimisation-problems/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/kinematics-displacement-velocity-acceleration2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-maths/kinematics-displacement-velocity-acceleration/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/past-papers2026-10-15 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/notes2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/characteristics-of-living-organisms2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/characteristics-of-living-organisms.jpgThe characteristics of living organisms | IGCSE BiologyLiving organisms share eight characteristics, often remembered as MRS GREN plus control of internal conditions. Knowing what each characteristic means helps you distinguish living things from non-living things and avoid confusing nutrition, respiration, excretion and egestion.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/characteristics-of-living-organisms.mp4323yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/characteristics-of-living-organisms/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/animal-and-plant-cells2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/animal-and-plant-cells.jpgAnimal and plant cells under the microscope | IGCSE BiologyAnimal and plant cells share five structures, while plant cells have three additional structures. Knowing each structure’s function, and the difference between the cell wall and cell membrane, helps you label cells accurately.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/animal-and-plant-cells.mp4327yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/animal-and-plant-cells/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/using-a-light-microscope2026-10-08https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/using-a-light-microscope.jpgThe light microscope and magnification | IGCSE BiologyA light microscope lets you view small specimens, and its magnification tells you how much larger the image is than the real specimen. You need to know how to use the microscope safely and calculate magnification, image size or actual size.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/using-a-light-microscope.mp4317yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/using-a-light-microscope/notes2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/enzymes-temperature-and-ph2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/enzymes-temperature-and-ph.jpgTemperature, pH and denaturing | IGCSE BiologyTemperature and pH affect enzyme activity by changing how often enzyme and substrate molecules meet, and by changing the enzyme’s shape. Knowing why the curves rise and fall helps you explain enzyme activity and denaturing.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/enzymes-temperature-and-ph.mp4309yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/enzymes-temperature-and-ph/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/investigating-enzyme-activity2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/investigating-enzyme-activity.jpgPractical: measuring enzyme activity | IGCSE BiologyInvestigate how temperature affects amylase by measuring how long it takes to break down starch, then calculate the reaction rate. Controlling other variables and plotting rate helps you identify the optimum temperature fairly.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/investigating-enzyme-activity.mp4275yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/investigating-enzyme-activity/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/anaerobic-respiration2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/anaerobic-respiration/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/investigating-digestion2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/investigating-digestion/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/aerobic-respiration2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/aerobic-respiration/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/investigating-respiration2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/investigating-respiration/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/diffusion2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/diffusion/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/osmosis2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/osmosis/notes2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/active-transport2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/active-transport/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/factors-affecting-transport2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/factors-affecting-transport/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/stem-cells2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/stem-cells/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/levels-of-organisation2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/levels-of-organisation/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/enzymes-and-how-they-work2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/enzymes-and-how-they-work/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/the-five-kingdoms2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/the-five-kingdoms.jpgPlants, animals, fungi, protoctists and bacteria | IGCSE BiologyLiving organisms are grouped into five kingdoms by their cell features and how they feed. Recognising these features helps you identify an organism and explain why viruses are not classified in a kingdom.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/the-five-kingdoms.mp4293yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/the-five-kingdoms/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/plants-and-animals2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/plants-and-animals.jpgFeatures of plants and animals | IGCSE BiologyPlants and animals are both multicellular, but they differ in their cell structures, how they obtain food, what carbohydrate they store and how they move. Knowing these features and the named examples helps you compare the two kingdoms accurately.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/plants-and-animals.mp4239yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/plants-and-animals/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/fungi-protoctists-bacteria2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/fungi-protoctists-bacteria.jpgFungi, protoctists and bacteria | IGCSE BiologyFungi, protoctists and bacteria are separated by their cell structures and how they obtain food. Knowing whether a cell has a nucleus is a useful first step, especially when identifying bacteria.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/fungi-protoctists-bacteria.mp4361yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/fungi-protoctists-bacteria/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/viruses-and-pathogens2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/viruses-and-pathogens.jpgViruses and the main pathogen groups | IGCSE BiologyViruses have a simple structure and can reproduce only inside a living host cell. Pathogens belong to four groups, and you should know examples of each and why antibiotics do not work on viruses.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/viruses-and-pathogens.mp4251yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/viruses-and-pathogens/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/the-breathing-system2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/the-breathing-system.jpgThe parts of the breathing system | IGCSE BiologyThe breathing system carries air from the nose to the alveoli, where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged with the blood. Knowing the parts and their jobs helps you distinguish breathing, which moves air, from gas exchange.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/the-breathing-system.mp4235yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/the-breathing-system/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/breathing-in-and-out2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/breathing-in-and-out.jpgVentilation- ribs, intercostals and diaphragm | IGCSE BiologyVentilation is the movement of air into and out of the lungs, caused by changes in thorax volume and pressure. Knowing the order of these changes helps you explain breathing and evaluate the bell jar model.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/breathing-in-and-out.mp4253yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/breathing-in-and-out/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/gas-exchange-in-the-alveoli2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/gas-exchange-in-the-alveoli.jpgAlveoli and how they are adapted | IGCSE BiologyAlveoli are adapted to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide quickly by diffusion. Their structure helps keep the concentration gradients steep, so oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide leaves it.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/gas-exchange-in-the-alveoli.mp4263yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/gas-exchange-in-the-alveoli/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/inspired-and-expired-air2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/inspired-and-expired-air.jpgComparing inspired and expired air | IGCSE BiologyInspired air enters the lungs, while expired air leaves them after gas exchange. Comparing their composition shows which gases are exchanged, and a limewater test can compare their carbon dioxide levels.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/inspired-and-expired-air.mp4270yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/inspired-and-expired-air/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/exercise-and-breathing-rate2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/exercise-and-breathing-rate.jpgThe effect of exercise on breathing | IGCSE BiologyDuring exercise, breathing becomes faster and deeper to meet the muscles’ increased demand for oxygen and remove extra carbon dioxide. After exercise, breathing stays raised while the body repays the oxygen debt, and the recovery time can indicate fitness.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/exercise-and-breathing-rate.mp4220yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/exercise-and-breathing-rate/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/smoking-and-the-lungs2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/smoking-and-the-lungs/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/biological-molecules2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/biological-molecules.jpgCarbohydrates, proteins and lipids | IGCSE BiologyCarbohydrates, proteins and lipids are built from smaller units and contain different elements. Knowing their building blocks and how they are stored helps you identify them and answer questions about food molecules.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/biological-molecules.mp4232yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/biological-molecules/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/food-tests2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/food-tests.jpgTesting for starch, sugars, protein and fat | IGCSE BiologyFood tests use specific reagents and colour changes to identify starch, reducing sugar, protein and fat. To describe a positive result fully, give the reagent, the starting and final colours, and whether heating is needed.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/food-tests.mp4273yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/food-tests/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/a-balanced-diet2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/a-balanced-diet.jpgThe seven parts of a balanced diet | IGCSE BiologyA balanced diet contains seven components, each with a different role in the body. You should know what each is used for and be able to name sources and deficiency diseases for the vitamins and minerals covered here.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/a-balanced-diet.mp4285yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/a-balanced-diet/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/energy-requirements2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/energy-requirements.jpgWhat changes how much energy you need | IGCSE BiologyEnergy requirements vary with age, sex, activity, pregnancy and breastfeeding. Explaining the reasons, especially how they affect respiration, helps you answer questions about energy needs.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/energy-requirements.mp4248yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/energy-requirements/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/the-digestive-system2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/the-digestive-system.jpgThe parts of the digestive system | IGCSE BiologyThe digestive system is a continuous tube from the mouth to the anus, with each region doing a particular job. The five stages of nutrition explain how food enters the body, is processed and used, then leaves as faeces.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/the-digestive-system.mp4318yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/the-digestive-system/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/teeth-and-mechanical-digestion2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/teeth-and-mechanical-digestion/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/digestive-enzymes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/digestive-enzymes/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/bile-and-emulsification2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/bile-and-emulsification/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/absorption-in-the-small-intestine2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/absorption-in-the-small-intestine/notes2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/investigating-energy-in-food2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/investigating-energy-in-food/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/why-a-transport-system2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/why-a-transport-system.jpgWhy small organisms manage without a transport system and large ones cannot | IGCSE BiologySmall organisms can exchange substances by diffusion, but large organisms cannot meet their needs this way. Their smaller surface area to volume ratio, longer diffusion distances and higher demand mean they need a transport system and specialised exchange surfaces.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/why-a-transport-system.mp4275yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/why-a-transport-system/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/the-circulatory-system2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/the-circulatory-system.jpgDouble circulation | IGCSE BiologyIn double circulation, blood passes through the heart twice during one complete journey around the body. This lets the heart restore blood pressure between the lungs and the body, so oxygen reaches tissues quickly.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/the-circulatory-system.mp4234yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/the-circulatory-system/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/the-heart2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/the-heart.jpgThe structure of the heart | IGCSE BiologyThe heart has four chambers, valves and main vessels arranged to keep blood flowing in the right direction. Its structure keeps oxygenated and deoxygenated blood separate and allows blood to be pumped to the lungs and the rest of the body.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/the-heart.mp4261yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/the-heart/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/the-cardiac-cycle2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/the-cardiac-cycle.jpgHow the heart beats | IGCSE BiologyThe cardiac cycle is the sequence of events in one heartbeat. Understanding pressure changes explains how the heart’s valves open and close, and how the heartbeat starts without a nerve signal.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/the-cardiac-cycle.mp4259yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/the-cardiac-cycle/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/coronary-heart-disease2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/coronary-heart-disease.jpgCoronary arteries and heart disease | IGCSE BiologyCoronary arteries supply the heart muscle with oxygen and glucose. If fatty plaques narrow or block these arteries, they can cause angina or a heart attack.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/coronary-heart-disease.mp4247yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/coronary-heart-disease/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/heart-rate-and-exercise2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/heart-rate-and-exercise/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/adrenaline2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/adrenaline/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/blood-vessels2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/blood-vessels/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/the-blood2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/the-blood/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/immune-response-and-clotting2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/immune-response-and-clotting/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/vaccination-and-immunity2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/vaccination-and-immunity/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/the-nervous-system2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/the-nervous-system.jpgCentral and peripheral nervous system | IGCSE BiologyThe nervous system is divided into the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. A stimulus is detected by a receptor, then a coordinator directs an effector to produce a response.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/the-nervous-system.mp4229yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/the-nervous-system/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/nervous-versus-hormonal2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/nervous-versus-hormonal.jpgComparing nervous and hormonal control | IGCSE BiologyNervous and hormonal coordination both control body responses, but they carry signals in different ways and act at different speeds, for different lengths of time and over different areas. Comparing several features helps you identify which system is involved.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/nervous-versus-hormonal.mp4237yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/nervous-versus-hormonal/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/neurones-and-synapses2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/neurones-and-synapses.jpgThe three types of neurone, and the synapse | IGCSE BiologyNeurones carry impulses around the nervous system, and synapses pass signals between them. Knowing what each neurone connects and how a synapse works helps you explain the direction of nerve signals.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/neurones-and-synapses.mp4251yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/neurones-and-synapses/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/the-eye2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/the-eye.jpgThe structure of the eye | IGCSE BiologyThe eye lets light in, focuses it and detects it. Knowing how its parts work helps you label the eye and explain how vision is affected by light levels and the position of receptors.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/the-eye.mp4312yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/the-eye/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/accommodation2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/accommodation.jpgFocusing on near and distant objects | IGCSE BiologyAccommodation is how the eye changes the shape of its lens to focus near and distant objects on the retina. The ciliary muscle and suspensory ligaments change the lens shape, which changes how strongly it refracts light.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/accommodation.mp4208yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/accommodation/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/the-pupil-reflex2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/the-pupil-reflex/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/the-reflex-arc2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/the-reflex-arc/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/hormones-and-glands2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/hormones-and-glands.jpgThe endocrine system | IGCSE BiologyHormones are chemical messengers carried in the blood from glands to target organs. Knowing where the main glands are and what their hormones do helps explain how the endocrine system coordinates body functions.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/hormones-and-glands.mp4266yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/hormones-and-glands/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/blood-glucose-control2026-10-08https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/blood-glucose-control.jpgInsulin, glucagon and the pancreas | IGCSE BiologyThe pancreas helps keep blood glucose concentration steady by releasing insulin or glucagon. These hormones have opposite effects, and you can use their actions to explain changes on a blood glucose graph.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/blood-glucose-control.mp4217yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/blood-glucose-control/notes2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/puberty-and-sex-hormones2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/puberty-and-sex-hormones.jpgTestosterone, oestrogen and puberty | IGCSE BiologyTestosterone and oestrogen are sex hormones that cause changes during puberty. Knowing where they are made, what they do and how their release is triggered helps you explain the development of secondary sexual characteristics.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/puberty-and-sex-hormones.mp4206yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/puberty-and-sex-hormones/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/water-balance-and-adh2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/water-balance-and-adh.jpgControlling the water content of the blood | IGCSE BiologyADH helps keep the water content of the blood steady by changing how permeable the kidney collecting ducts are to water. This affects how much water is reabsorbed and the volume and concentration of urine.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/water-balance-and-adh.mp4223yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/water-balance-and-adh/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/what-homeostasis-means2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/what-homeostasis-means.jpgHomeostasis and negative feedback | IGCSE BiologyHomeostasis keeps the body's internal conditions within narrow limits, rather than holding them at one fixed value. Negative feedback detects and reverses changes, helping cells and enzymes work properly.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/what-homeostasis-means.mp4231yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/what-homeostasis-means/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/excretion2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/excretion.jpgLungs, kidneys and skin as excretory organs | IGCSE BiologyExcretion removes waste products made by metabolism, as well as substances present in excess. The lungs, kidneys and skin excrete different substances, while faeces leaves the body by egestion rather than excretion.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/excretion.mp4267yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/excretion/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/stomata-and-gas-exchange2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/stomata-and-gas-exchange.jpgStomata and guard cells | IGCSE BiologyStomata are pores in a leaf that allow gases to move in and out. Guard cells control when they open, balancing the need for carbon dioxide with the need to limit water loss.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/stomata-and-gas-exchange.mp4243yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/stomata-and-gas-exchange/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/the-urinary-system2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/the-urinary-system.jpgKidneys, ureters and bladder | IGCSE BiologyThe kidneys remove urea from the blood and produce urine from the filtered material that is not reabsorbed. Knowing the parts of the urinary system and keeping the paths of blood and urine separate helps you explain how excretion works.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/the-urinary-system.mp4224yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/the-urinary-system/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/the-nephron2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/the-nephron.jpgUltrafiltration and selective reabsorption | IGCSE BiologyThe nephron filters small molecules from the blood under pressure, then selectively returns useful substances to the blood. This leaves urea and excess substances in urine.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/the-nephron.mp4326yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/the-nephron/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/temperature-control2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/temperature-control/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/gametes-and-fertilisation2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/gametes-and-fertilisation.jpgSperm, egg and fertilisation | IGCSE BiologySperm and egg cells are adapted for their different roles in reproduction. Fertilisation is the fusion of their haploid nuclei to form a diploid zygote.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/gametes-and-fertilisation.mp4265yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/gametes-and-fertilisation/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/asexual-reproduction-in-plants2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/asexual-reproduction-in-plants.jpgRunners, tubers and cuttings | IGCSE BiologyAsexual reproduction makes new plants from one parent, without gametes, so the offspring are genetically identical clones. Plants can reproduce this way naturally or by taking cuttings, and the lack of variation can be both useful and risky.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/asexual-reproduction-in-plants.mp4239yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/asexual-reproduction-in-plants/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/male-and-female-systems2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/male-and-female-systems.jpgThe human reproductive systems | IGCSE BiologyThe human reproductive systems make and transport gametes, which are sperm and eggs. Knowing each structure’s function helps you label the systems and explain where fertilisation and implantation happen.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/male-and-female-systems.mp4216yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/male-and-female-systems/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/pregnancy-and-the-placenta2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/pregnancy-and-the-placenta.jpgThe placenta and the developing fetus | IGCSE BiologyThe placenta lets useful substances pass between the mother and fetus while keeping their blood supplies separate. Its structure makes exchange effective, and the amniotic fluid supports and protects the developing fetus.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/pregnancy-and-the-placenta.mp4270yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/pregnancy-and-the-placenta/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/the-menstrual-cycle2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/the-menstrual-cycle.jpgHormones and the menstrual cycle | IGCSE BiologyThe menstrual cycle is controlled by four hormones that change in level over about 28 days. Knowing where each is made and what it does helps you explain ovulation, menstruation and what happens after fertilisation.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/the-menstrual-cycle.mp4230yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/the-menstrual-cycle/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/investigating-photosynthesis2026-10-08https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/investigating-photosynthesis.jpgPractical: light, carbon dioxide and chlorophyll | IGCSE BiologyPhotosynthesis investigations remove one factor at a time and test leaves for starch, or measure oxygen released by pondweed. These methods show which conditions are needed and how the rate changes with light intensity.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/investigating-photosynthesis.mp4238yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/investigating-photosynthesis/notes2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/testing-a-leaf-for-starch2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/testing-a-leaf-for-starch.jpgPractical: the starch test | IGCSE BiologyThe starch test shows whether a leaf contains starch, which is evidence that photosynthesis has made glucose. Destarching the plant first makes the result reliable.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/testing-a-leaf-for-starch.mp4215yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/testing-a-leaf-for-starch/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/photosynthesis2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/photosynthesis.jpgThe photosynthesis reaction | IGCSE BiologyPhotosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and water to make glucose and oxygen, using light energy absorbed by chlorophyll. The glucose supplies energy and materials for growth, while plants respire continuously, day and night.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/photosynthesis.mp4266yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/photosynthesis/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/the-leaf2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/the-leaf.jpgHow a leaf is adapted | IGCSE BiologyA leaf is adapted for photosynthesis by catching light, allowing carbon dioxide to reach its cells and moving water to where it is needed. Each visible feature and internal layer helps solve one or more of these problems.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/the-leaf.mp4244yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/the-leaf/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/limiting-factors2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/limiting-factors.jpgLight, carbon dioxide and temperature | IGCSE BiologyA limiting factor is the factor in shortest supply, so it controls the rate of photosynthesis. Light and carbon dioxide graphs level off when another factor takes over, while high temperatures make the rate fall because enzymes denature.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/limiting-factors.mp4256yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/limiting-factors/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/investigating-leaf-gas-exchange2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/investigating-leaf-gas-exchange/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/mineral-nutrition2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/mineral-nutrition/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/water-uptake-and-root-hairs2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/water-uptake-and-root-hairs.jpgRoot hair cells and water uptake | IGCSE BiologyRoot hair cells absorb water from the soil and pass it across the root to the xylem. Water enters by osmosis, while mineral ions enter by active transport.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/water-uptake-and-root-hairs.mp4232yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/water-uptake-and-root-hairs/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/transpiration2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/transpiration.jpgThe transpiration stream | IGCSE BiologyTranspiration is water evaporating from leaves and then diffusing out through the stomata. This loss of water pulls a continuous column up through the xylem, helping the plant transport water and minerals.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/transpiration.mp4204yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/transpiration/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/root-stem-and-leaf2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/root-stem-and-leaf.jpgWhere the tissues sit in the plant | IGCSE BiologyXylem and phloem run through roots, stems and leaves, but sit in different positions in each. Their arrangement helps the plant resist forces and puts the tissues close to the cells they serve.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/root-stem-and-leaf.mp4236yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/root-stem-and-leaf/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/xylem-and-phloem2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/xylem-and-phloem.jpgThe two transport tissues | IGCSE BiologyXylem and phloem are the two transport tissues in plants. Their different structures suit what they carry, the direction they transport it, and whether transport needs energy.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/xylem-and-phloem.mp4253yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/xylem-and-phloem/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/translocation2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/translocation.jpgMoving sugars from source to sink | IGCSE BiologyTranslocation is the movement of sucrose and amino acids through the phloem from a source to a sink. Its direction can change because an organ’s role as a source or sink depends on the season and what the plant needs.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/translocation.mp4248yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/translocation/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/factors-affecting-transpiration2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/factors-affecting-transpiration/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/phototropism2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/phototropism.jpgShoots growing towards light | IGCSE BiologyPhototropism is a shoot’s growth response to light. Auxin makes the shaded side grow longer, bending the shoot towards light and helping its leaves photosynthesise.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/phototropism.mp4304yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/phototropism/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/gravitropism2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/gravitropism.jpgRoots and shoots responding to gravity | IGCSE BiologyGravitropism is the way roots and shoots grow in response to gravity. Auxin gathers on their lower sides, but the organs respond differently because their cells have different sensitivities to auxin.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/gravitropism.mp4216yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/gravitropism/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/flower-structure2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/flower-structure.jpgThe parts of a flower | IGCSE BiologyA flower has male and female reproductive parts, as well as parts that help attract insects or protect the flower bud. Knowing the names, positions and functions of each part helps you label a flower and explain where its gametes are found.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/flower-structure.mp4213yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/flower-structure/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/pollination2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/pollination.jpgInsect and wind pollination | IGCSE BiologyPollination is the transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma. Flower features differ depending on whether insects or wind carry the pollen.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/pollination.mp4244yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/pollination/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/fertilisation-in-plants2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/fertilisation-in-plants.jpgThe pollen tube and fertilisation | IGCSE BiologyA pollen tube carries the male gamete nucleus to an ovule, where it fuses with the female gamete nucleus. After fertilisation, the zygote becomes an embryo, the ovule becomes a seed and the ovary becomes a fruit.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/fertilisation-in-plants.mp4210yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/fertilisation-in-plants/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/seeds-and-germination2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/seeds-and-germination.jpgSeed structure and germination | IGCSE BiologyA seed contains a young plant and stored food, and germination begins when the right conditions activate its growth. You need to know the parts of a seed, the stages of germination and how to test which conditions are needed.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/seeds-and-germination.mp4238yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/seeds-and-germination/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/ecosystem-vocabulary2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/ecosystem-vocabulary.jpgHabitat, population, community, ecosystem | IGCSE BiologyEcology terms describe living things and their surroundings at different scales. Knowing the difference between them helps you use precise definitions and identify the right factors in exam questions.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/ecosystem-vocabulary.mp4254yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/ecosystem-vocabulary/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/sampling-with-quadrats2026-10-08https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/sampling-with-quadrats.jpgPractical: quadrats and transects | IGCSE BiologyQuadrats help you estimate the size of a population by sampling an area fairly. Transects show how species change across a gradient, such as a change in light or soil moisture.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/sampling-with-quadrats.mp4255yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/sampling-with-quadrats/notes2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/biodiversity2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/biodiversity.jpgWhat biodiversity means and how it is measured | IGCSE BiologyBiodiversity is the number of different species living in an area, not the total number of organisms. You can compare biodiversity by counting species in randomly placed quadrats, and greater biodiversity usually makes an ecosystem more stable.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/biodiversity.mp4267yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/biodiversity/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/food-chains-and-webs2026-10-08https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/food-chains-and-webs.jpgFood chains and food webs | IGCSE BiologyFood chains and food webs show how energy moves between organisms. Knowing the trophic levels and arrow direction helps you explain feeding relationships and predict what may happen when a species declines.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/food-chains-and-webs.mp4229yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/food-chains-and-webs/notes2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/decomposition2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/decomposition.jpgDecomposers and decay | IGCSE BiologyDecomposers break down dead material and return its nutrients to the soil. Decay is fastest in warm, moist, oxygen-rich conditions, so understanding these conditions explains both nutrient cycling and food preservation.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/decomposition.mp4238yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/decomposition/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/pyramids2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/pyramids/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/energy-transfer2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/energy-transfer/notes2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/the-carbon-cycle2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/the-carbon-cycle/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/the-nitrogen-cycle2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/the-nitrogen-cycle/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/growing-crops-under-cover2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/growing-crops-under-cover.jpgGlasshouses and polythene tunnels, and why they raise yield | IGCSE BiologyGlasshouses and polythene tunnels improve crop yield by controlling conditions that affect photosynthesis and protecting plants. A grower must balance the extra yield against the cost of equipment and fuel.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/growing-crops-under-cover.mp4302yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/growing-crops-under-cover/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/fertilisers-and-crop-yield2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/fertilisers-and-crop-yield.jpgHow fertilisers increase crop yield | IGCSE BiologyFertilisers replace mineral ions removed when crops are harvested, helping crops grow and increasing yield. Each mineral has a particular role, but excess fertiliser can pollute waterways.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/fertilisers-and-crop-yield.mp4249yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/fertilisers-and-crop-yield/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/pest-control2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/pest-control.jpgPesticides and biological control | IGCSE BiologyPests reduce crop yield by eating crops or competing with them. Pesticides act quickly, while biological control uses living organisms to reduce pests more slowly, so the best choice depends on the situation.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/pest-control.mp4291yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/pest-control/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/food-security-and-fish-stocks2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/food-security-and-fish-stocks.jpgFeeding people without emptying the sea | IGCSE BiologyFish stocks collapse when fish are caught faster than they can replace themselves by breeding. Conservation methods protect breeding populations, while fish farms increase fish production by controlling conditions, but they can also harm the environment.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/food-security-and-fish-stocks.mp4232yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/food-security-and-fish-stocks/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/the-greenhouse-effect2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/the-greenhouse-effect.jpgGreenhouse gases and global warming | IGCSE BiologyThe greenhouse effect keeps Earth warm because greenhouse gases absorb some of the infrared energy leaving its surface. Human activities add more greenhouse gases, strengthening this natural effect and contributing to global warming.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/the-greenhouse-effect.mp4315yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/the-greenhouse-effect/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/acid-rain2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/acid-rain/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/water-and-air-pollution2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/water-and-air-pollution/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/deforestation2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/deforestation/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/eutrophication2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/eutrophication/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/conservation-and-sustainability2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/conservation-and-sustainability/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/chromosomes-genes-and-dna2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/chromosomes-genes-and-dna.jpgHow the nucleus, chromosome, gene and DNA fit together | IGCSE BiologyGenetic material is organised from the cell and nucleus down to chromosomes, genes and DNA. Knowing how these fit together, and using gene and allele correctly, helps you give precise answers in genetics.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/chromosomes-genes-and-dna.mp4217yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/chromosomes-genes-and-dna/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/the-human-genome2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/the-human-genome.jpgGenes, alleles and the genome | IGCSE BiologyHuman body cells contain 46 chromosomes in 23 pairs, while gametes contain 23. Knowing how homologous chromosomes, alleles and the genome relate helps you describe how genetic information is organised.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/the-human-genome.mp4273yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/the-human-genome/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/the-structure-of-dna2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/the-structure-of-dna.jpgThe double helix and base pairing | IGCSE BiologyDNA is made of two strands wound into a double helix, with bases pointing inwards and pairing in a fixed way. This complementary pairing allows DNA to be copied accurately and helps explain how genes are read to make proteins.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/the-structure-of-dna.mp4226yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/the-structure-of-dna/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/protein-synthesis2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/protein-synthesis.jpgTranscription and translation | IGCSE BiologyProtein synthesis uses transcription to copy a gene into messenger RNA, then translation to build a protein from that message. The two stages happen in different places, and the order of DNA bases determines the order of amino acids in the protein.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/protein-synthesis.mp4239yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/protein-synthesis/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/mutation2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/mutation.jpgMutations and what causes them | IGCSE BiologyA mutation is a change in the sequence of bases in DNA. Most mutations have no effect, but some affect proteins and characteristics, while rare beneficial mutations provide new alleles for natural selection.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/mutation.mp4298yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/mutation/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/genetic-vocabulary2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/genetic-vocabulary/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/mitosis2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/mitosis.jpgMitosis and growth | IGCSE BiologyMitosis is cell division that produces two genetically identical daughter cells, each with the full chromosome number. It is used for growth, repair, replacement and asexual reproduction.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/mitosis.mp4234yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/mitosis/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/meiosis2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/meiosis.jpgMeiosis and gametes | IGCSE BiologyMeiosis is a type of cell division that produces four genetically different haploid gametes. It halves the chromosome number so fertilisation can restore the usual diploid number, while also creating genetic variation.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/meiosis.mp4231yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/meiosis/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/mitosis-versus-meiosis2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/mitosis-versus-meiosis.jpgTelling the two apart in the exam | IGCSE BiologyMitosis and meiosis are two types of cell division with different outcomes and roles. Knowing how they differ helps you compare them, identify them in diagrams and explain when each is needed.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/mitosis-versus-meiosis.mp4180yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/mitosis-versus-meiosis/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/variation2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/variation.jpgContinuous and discontinuous variation | IGCSE BiologyVariation can be continuous, with a range of values, or discontinuous, with separate categories. The type of variation helps show how genes and the environment affect a characteristic, and determines which graph to draw.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/variation.mp4251yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/variation/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/monohybrid-crosses2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/monohybrid-crosses.jpgPunnett squares | IGCSE BiologyA Punnett square shows the possible offspring genotypes from a genetic cross. It helps you work out genotype and phenotype ratios, and a test cross can reveal a genotype that cannot be seen from appearance alone.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/monohybrid-crosses.mp4266yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/monohybrid-crosses/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/probability-in-genetics2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/probability-in-genetics.jpgRatios, and what they do not promise | IGCSE BiologyA genetic ratio gives the probability of each possible outcome for each offspring. It does not promise what will happen in one small family or group, because fertilisation is random.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/probability-in-genetics.mp4229yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/probability-in-genetics/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/family-trees2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/family-trees.jpgReading a pedigree | IGCSE BiologyA pedigree is a family tree that uses standard symbols to show who has a condition. Reading its patterns can show whether the condition is recessive and help you work out genotypes and probabilities.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/family-trees.mp4228yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/family-trees/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/codominance2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/codominance.jpgWhen neither allele wins | IGCSE BiologyIn codominance, both alleles are expressed in a heterozygote, so its appearance differs from either homozygote. This changes the phenotype ratio and is seen in flower colour and human blood groups.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/codominance.mp4260yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/codominance/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/sex-determination2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/sex-determination.jpgX and Y chromosomes | IGCSE BiologyIn humans, the sex chromosomes in the fertilising sperm determine whether a child is XX or XY. This gives a 1:1 ratio, and each fertilisation is independent.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/sex-determination.mp4216yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/sex-determination/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/polygenic-inheritance2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/polygenic-inheritance/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/natural-selection2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/natural-selection.jpgHow natural selection works | IGCSE BiologyNatural selection is the process by which inherited alleles that help individuals survive and reproduce become more common in a population over generations. Knowing the five steps, and explaining that variation comes before selection, helps you describe evolution accurately.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/natural-selection.mp4250yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/natural-selection/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/evolution-in-action2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/evolution-in-action.jpgAntibiotic resistance and the peppered moth | IGCSE BiologyNatural selection explains how antibiotic-resistant bacteria and dark peppered moths become more common. In both cases, variation exists before the environment changes, and individuals with a helpful characteristic survive and reproduce more.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/evolution-in-action.mp4244yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/evolution-in-action/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/selective-breeding2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/selective-breeding.jpgBreeding animals and crops for a purpose | IGCSE BiologySelective breeding is a cycle in which humans choose which organisms reproduce to increase a desired characteristic. It uses variation already present in a population, but can reduce genetic variation and increase the risk of harmful alleles appearing.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/selective-breeding.mp4205yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/selective-breeding/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/selective-breeding-versus-natural2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/selective-breeding-versus-natural.jpgComparing artificial and natural selection | IGCSE BiologyNatural and artificial selection both act on variation that already exists, but they differ in who selects which individuals reproduce. Artificial selection can change a population quickly, but it reduces genetic variation and can increase vulnerability to disease.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/selective-breeding-versus-natural.mp4236yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/selective-breeding-versus-natural/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/cloning2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/cloning.jpgMicropropagation and cloning animals | IGCSE BiologyMicropropagation and nuclear transfer make genetically identical copies of plants or animals. They can preserve desirable traits, but clones have no genetic variation, so they cannot adapt to new challenges.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/cloning.mp4265yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/cloning/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/transgenic-organisms2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/transgenic-organisms.jpgTransgenic organisms and using cloned animals to make human proteins | IGCSE BiologyA transgenic organism has genetic material transferred from a different species. A transgenic animal can make a human protein in its milk, then be cloned so that many genetically identical animals make the same protein.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/transgenic-organisms.mp4300yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/transgenic-organisms/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/yeast-and-fermentation2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/yeast-and-fermentation.jpgYeast, anaerobic respiration and bread | IGCSE BiologyYeast is a single-celled fungus that can respire with or without oxygen. Its anaerobic respiration produces carbon dioxide, which makes bread rise, and ethanol, which evaporates during baking.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/yeast-and-fermentation.mp4252yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/yeast-and-fermentation/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/brewing-and-yoghurt2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/brewing-and-yoghurt.jpgBeer, wine and yoghurt | IGCSE BiologyBeer and yoghurt are made by different microorganisms respiring anaerobically. Brewing produces ethanol, while yoghurt production uses lactic acid to thicken milk.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/brewing-and-yoghurt.mp4246yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/brewing-and-yoghurt/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/industrial-fermenters2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/industrial-fermenters.jpgGrowing microorganisms at scale | IGCSE BiologyIndustrial fermenters provide controlled conditions for microorganisms to grow and make useful products. Each part of the vessel helps prevent a factor from limiting growth or contaminating the product.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/industrial-fermenters.mp4250yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/industrial-fermenters/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/culturing-microorganisms2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/culturing-microorganisms.jpgPractical: aseptic technique | IGCSE BiologyAseptic technique prevents unwanted microorganisms from contaminating a culture, helping you grow only the organism you intend to study. It also makes antibiotic comparisons fair and reduces the risk of growing harmful pathogens.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/culturing-microorganisms.mp4244yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/culturing-microorganisms/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/what-genetic-modification-is2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/what-genetic-modification-is.jpgCutting and pasting genes | IGCSE BiologyGenetic modification moves a gene from one organism into another so the new organism can make the protein that gene codes for. Restriction enzymes cut DNA, while DNA ligase joins DNA together.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/what-genetic-modification-is.mp4242yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/what-genetic-modification-is/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/making-human-insulin2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/making-human-insulin.jpgInsulin from bacteria | IGCSE BiologyGenetically modified bacteria can produce human insulin by using the human insulin gene. This provides a reliable supply of insulin that is identical to human insulin and avoids some problems with insulin from animals.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/making-human-insulin.mp4251yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/making-human-insulin/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/genetically-modified-crops2026-09-30https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio/genetically-modified-crops.jpgGM crops, and the argument about them | IGCSE BiologyGenetically modified (GM) crops have a gene from another organism inserted to give them a useful feature. They can help solve problems with food supply, pests and nutrition, but there are also risks to weigh before reaching a conclusion.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio/genetically-modified-crops.mp4246yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-biology/genetically-modified-crops/notes2026-09-30 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology2026-10-11 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/past-papers2026-10-15 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/notes2026-10-11 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/water-as-a-solvent2026-10-08https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/water-as-a-solvent.jpgWater: the dipole and why it dissolves things | International A Level BiologyWater is a dipolar molecule, so it attracts ions and other polar substances and can carry them in solution. This explains why substances dissolve in blood plasma and plant xylem, while non-polar lipids do not dissolve in water.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/water-as-a-solvent.mp4425yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/water-as-a-solvent/notes2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/monosaccharides-and-disaccharides2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/monosaccharides-and-disaccharides.jpgMonosaccharides and disaccharides | International A Level BiologyCarbohydrates are grouped by how many sugar units they contain. Knowing how monosaccharides join and split helps you identify disaccharides and write their reactions.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/monosaccharides-and-disaccharides.mp4478yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/monosaccharides-and-disaccharides/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/starch-and-glycogen2026-10-08https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/starch-and-glycogen.jpgStarch and glycogen: storing energy | International A Level BiologyStarch and glycogen store glucose as large polysaccharides. Their structures let cells store glucose compactly and release it when needed for respiration.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/starch-and-glycogen.mp4454yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/starch-and-glycogen/notes2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cp1-reducing-sugars-and-starch2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/cp1-reducing-sugars-and-starch.jpgCore practical 1: estimating sugar and starch concentrations | International A Level BiologyCompare an unknown sugar or starch solution with standards of known concentrations to estimate its concentration. The method is semi-quantitative, so you report a range rather than an exact value.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/cp1-reducing-sugars-and-starch.mp4469yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cp1-reducing-sugars-and-starch/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/triglycerides-and-fatty-acids2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/triglycerides-and-fatty-acids.jpgLipids: triglycerides, saturated and unsaturated | International A Level BiologyTriglycerides form when glycerol joins to three fatty acids. The bonds in the fatty-acid chains affect how closely lipid molecules pack, which helps explain why fats are usually solid and oils usually liquid.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/triglycerides-and-fatty-acids.mp4408yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/triglycerides-and-fatty-acids/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/amino-acids-and-peptide-bonds2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/amino-acids-and-peptide-bonds/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/protein-structure2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/protein-structure/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/haemoglobin-and-collagen2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/haemoglobin-and-collagen/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/why-animals-need-a-circulation2026-10-08https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/why-animals-need-a-circulation.jpgWhy many animals need a heart and circulation | International A Level BiologyLarge, active animals need a circulation because diffusion cannot supply deep cells quickly enough to meet their oxygen demand. A heart drives mass transport, and a double circulation pumps blood again after it passes through the lungs.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/why-animals-need-a-circulation.mp4404yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/why-animals-need-a-circulation/notes2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/haemoglobin-and-gas-transport2026-10-08https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/haemoglobin-and-gas-transport.jpgBlood and haemoglobin: carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide | International A Level BiologyBlood carries oxygen and carbon dioxide in the plasma and red blood cells. Haemoglobin loads oxygen in the lungs, while most carbon dioxide is converted into hydrogencarbonate ions in red blood cells and carried in the plasma.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/haemoglobin-and-gas-transport.mp4470yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/haemoglobin-and-gas-transport/notes2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-oxygen-dissociation-curve2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/the-oxygen-dissociation-curve.jpgThe oxygen dissociation curve | International A Level BiologyThe oxygen dissociation curve shows how haemoglobin saturation changes as the partial pressure of oxygen changes. Its S shape explains how haemoglobin loads oxygen in the lungs and unloads it in respiring muscle.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/the-oxygen-dissociation-curve.mp4399yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-oxygen-dissociation-curve/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-bohr-effect-and-fetal-haemoglobin2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/the-bohr-effect-and-fetal-haemoglobin.jpgThe Bohr effect and fetal haemoglobin | International A Level BiologyThe Bohr effect explains how active tissues make haemoglobin release more oxygen. Fetal haemoglobin has a higher affinity than adult haemoglobin, so oxygen can move from the mother's blood to the fetus at the placenta.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/the-bohr-effect-and-fetal-haemoglobin.mp4424yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-bohr-effect-and-fetal-haemoglobin/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/arteries-veins-and-capillaries2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/arteries-veins-and-capillaries.jpgArteries, veins and capillaries | International A Level BiologyArteries, veins and capillaries have structures suited to the pressure of blood and the jobs they do. Understanding these adaptations also explains how tissue fluid forms around cells and returns to the blood.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/arteries-veins-and-capillaries.mp4454yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/arteries-veins-and-capillaries/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-mammalian-heart2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-mammalian-heart/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cardiac-cycle-and-pressure-graph2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cardiac-cycle-and-pressure-graph/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/heart-dissection2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/heart-dissection/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/atherosclerosis2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/atherosclerosis/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/blood-clotting2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/blood-clotting/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/risk-correlation-and-cause2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/risk-correlation-and-cause.jpgRisk, correlation and cause | International A Level BiologyRisk measures the chance of harm in a group over a stated time, while relative risk compares that chance between groups. Understanding the difference between correlation and cause helps you judge health evidence and avoid being misled by how risky something feels.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/risk-correlation-and-cause.mp4437yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/risk-correlation-and-cause/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/analysing-health-data2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/analysing-health-data.jpgReading illness and mortality data | International A Level BiologyIllness and mortality data can show how disease rates change and whether factors are linked. Comparing rates, describing patterns and checking evidence carefully helps you avoid misleading conclusions.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/analysing-health-data.mp4444yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/analysing-health-data/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/designing-health-studies2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/designing-health-studies.jpgEvaluating studies of health risk | International A Level BiologyStudies of health risks are judged by how they are designed and checked, not by their headlines. Understanding samples, validity and replication helps you decide how convincing the evidence is.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/designing-health-studies.mp4436yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/designing-health-studies/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cvd-risk-factors2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/cvd-risk-factors.jpgRisk factors for cardiovascular disease | International A Level BiologyRisk factors change the chance of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), which affects the heart and blood vessels. Most raise risk by increasing blood pressure, damaging the artery lining or speeding up plaque formation.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/cvd-risk-factors.mp4443yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cvd-risk-factors/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/energy-budgets-and-obesity-indicators2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/energy-budgets-and-obesity-indicators.jpgEnergy balance, BMI and waist-to-hip ratio | International A Level BiologyEnergy balance explains how body mass changes, while BMI and waist-to-hip ratio help assess different aspects of CHD risk. Knowing what each measure shows, and what changes can lower risk, helps you interpret health advice.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/energy-budgets-and-obesity-indicators.mp4442yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/energy-budgets-and-obesity-indicators/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cholesterol-hdl-and-ldl2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cholesterol-hdl-and-ldl/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/antioxidants-and-cvd2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/antioxidants-and-cvd/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cp2-vitamin-c-content2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cp2-vitamin-c-content/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/treating-cvd2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/treating-cvd/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-fluid-mosaic-model2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/the-fluid-mosaic-model.jpgThe fluid mosaic model | International A Level BiologyThe fluid mosaic model describes a cell surface membrane as a phospholipid bilayer with proteins and other molecules in it. Its structure explains how the membrane is partially permeable and able to change shape, while evidence explains why this model replaced the Davson-Danielli model.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/the-fluid-mosaic-model.mp4501yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-fluid-mosaic-model/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cp3-membrane-permeability2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/cp3-membrane-permeability.jpgCore practical 3: beetroot and membrane permeability | International A Level BiologyBeetroot pigment leaks out when the membranes around the vacuole and cell become more permeable. Measuring the colour of the surrounding water shows how temperature or ethanol affects membrane permeability.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/cp3-membrane-permeability.mp4487yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cp3-membrane-permeability/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/diffusion-and-facilitated-diffusion2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/diffusion-and-facilitated-diffusion.jpgDiffusion and facilitated diffusion | International A Level BiologyDiffusion is the net movement of particles down a concentration gradient, using their own kinetic energy and no ATP. Small non-polar molecules cross the membrane directly, while ions and polar molecules need channel or carrier proteins for facilitated diffusion.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/diffusion-and-facilitated-diffusion.mp4501yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/diffusion-and-facilitated-diffusion/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/active-transport-endocytosis-exocytosis2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/active-transport-endocytosis-exocytosis.jpgActive transport, endocytosis and exocytosis | International A Level BiologyCells use active transport to move substances against their concentration gradient, and use endocytosis and exocytosis to move large materials in vesicles. These processes need ATP, so they are active transport processes.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/active-transport-endocytosis-exocytosis.mp4517yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/active-transport-endocytosis-exocytosis/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/osmosis-and-water-potential2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/osmosis-and-water-potential.jpgOsmosis and water potential | International A Level BiologyWater potential, ψ, describes how readily water moves out of a solution. It helps you explain osmosis and predict how animal and plant cells change in different solutions.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/osmosis-and-water-potential.mp4437yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/osmosis-and-water-potential/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/tissue-water-potential2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/tissue-water-potential/notes2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/gas-exchange-surfaces-and-ficks-law2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/gas-exchange-surfaces-and-ficks-law/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-mammalian-lung2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-mammalian-lung/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/enzymes-as-biological-catalysts2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/enzymes-as-biological-catalysts.jpgEnzymes: biological catalysts | International A Level BiologyEnzymes are biological catalysts that speed up reactions without being used up. They lower activation energy and may work inside or outside the cells that make them.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/enzymes-as-biological-catalysts.mp4360yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/enzymes-as-biological-catalysts/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/how-enzymes-work2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/how-enzymes-work.jpgActive sites, specificity and induced fit | International A Level BiologyAn enzyme’s tertiary structure gives its active site a specific shape, so only suitable substrates bind and form an enzyme-substrate complex. The shape can change during induced fit, while denaturation changes the active site by disrupting the tertiary structure.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/how-enzymes-work.mp4418yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/how-enzymes-work/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cp4-measuring-initial-rate2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/cp4-measuring-initial-rate.jpgCore practical 4: measuring the initial rate of an enzyme reaction | International A Level BiologyThe initial rate is how fast an enzyme reaction proceeds at the start, measured before conditions in the flask have changed. You find it from the gradient of a tangent at time zero, then explain how substrate being used up makes the reaction slow down.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/cp4-measuring-initial-rate.mp4431yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cp4-measuring-initial-rate/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/factors-affecting-enzyme-rate2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/factors-affecting-enzyme-rate.jpgTemperature, pH, enzyme and substrate concentration | International A Level BiologyTemperature, pH, enzyme concentration and substrate concentration each affect enzyme reaction rate in a different way. Knowing why each graph has its shape helps you explain the results, not just describe them.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/factors-affecting-enzyme-rate.mp4458yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/factors-affecting-enzyme-rate/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/nucleotides-dna-and-rna2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/nucleotides-dna-and-rna.jpgNucleotides, DNA and RNA | International A Level BiologyDNA and RNA are polynucleotides made from nucleotides. Knowing how their parts join, how DNA strands pair, and how DNA differs from RNA helps you explain their structures clearly.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/nucleotides-dna-and-rna.mp4535yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/nucleotides-dna-and-rna/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/dna-replication2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/dna-replication/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/meselson-and-stahl2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/meselson-and-stahl/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-genetic-code2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-genetic-code/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/transcription2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/transcription/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/translation2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/translation/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/gene-mutations2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/gene-mutations.jpgGene mutations: substitution, insertion, deletion | International A Level BiologyA gene mutation is a change in the base sequence of DNA, often caused by an error during DNA replication. The type of mutation affects how mRNA and proteins are made, which can change an organism’s phenotype or have no observable effect.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/gene-mutations.mp4463yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/gene-mutations/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/genetic-terms-and-monohybrid-crosses2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/genetic-terms-and-monohybrid-crosses.jpgGenetic terms and monohybrid crosses | International A Level BiologyA monohybrid cross follows the inheritance of one gene. Knowing the genetic terms and setting out each stage clearly helps you predict offspring and give the correct phenotype ratio.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/genetic-terms-and-monohybrid-crosses.mp4454yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/genetic-terms-and-monohybrid-crosses/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/codominance-and-pedigrees2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/codominance-and-pedigrees.jpgCodominance and pedigree diagrams | International A Level BiologyCodominance is when both alleles are expressed in a heterozygote, so both characteristics appear. Pedigree diagrams show family relationships and can help you identify whether a condition is dominant or recessive and work out each person’s genotype.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/codominance-and-pedigrees.mp4412yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/codominance-and-pedigrees/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/sex-linkage2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/sex-linkage.jpgSex linkage and red-green colour blindness | International A Level BiologyRed-green colour blindness is an X-linked recessive condition, so males are affected more often because they have only one X chromosome. Knowing how to write genotypes and trace inheritance helps you interpret crosses and pedigrees.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/sex-linkage.mp4462yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/sex-linkage/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cystic-fibrosis2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/cystic-fibrosis.jpgCystic fibrosis | International A Level BiologyCystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, which can make mucus too thick and sticky. This affects gas exchange, digestion and fertility, and the condition is inherited through a recessive allele.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/cystic-fibrosis.mp4565yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cystic-fibrosis/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/genetic-screening2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/genetic-screening/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/ethics-of-genetic-screening2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/ethics-of-genetic-screening/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/light-and-electron-microscopy2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/light-and-electron-microscopy.jpgLight and electron microscopes: magnification and resolution | International A Level BiologyMagnification tells you how much bigger an image is, while resolution tells you how much detail you can see. Electron microscopes have much higher resolution than light microscopes because electrons have a shorter wavelength.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/light-and-electron-microscopy.mp4522yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/light-and-electron-microscopy/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/magnification-calculations2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/magnification-calculations.jpgMagnification calculations and units | International A Level BiologyMagnification compares an image size with the real size of an object. Correct unit conversions and a quick sense-check help you avoid unrealistic answers.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/magnification-calculations.mp4398yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/magnification-calculations/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cp5-graticule-and-cell-drawings2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/cp5-graticule-and-cell-drawings.jpgCore practical 5: the graticule and drawing animal cells | International A Level BiologyThis practical uses a graticule to measure cheek cells and a microscope drawing to show their visible features. You need to calibrate the graticule for each objective and give your drawing a clear scale.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/cp5-graticule-and-cell-drawings.mp4498yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cp5-graticule-and-cell-drawings/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/eukaryotic-cell-ultrastructure2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/eukaryotic-cell-ultrastructure.jpgThe ultrastructure of an animal cell | International A Level BiologyAn animal cell’s ultrastructure is the fine detail of its organelles, seen using an electron microscope. Knowing what each structure looks like and how many membranes it has helps you identify and compare them.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/eukaryotic-cell-ultrastructure.mp4409yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/eukaryotic-cell-ultrastructure/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/organelle-functions2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/organelle-functions.jpgWhat each organelle does | International A Level BiologyOrganelles have structures that suit their jobs, from making proteins to releasing energy in respiration. Knowing how they work and using precise wording helps you explain cell processes clearly.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/organelle-functions.mp4445yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/organelle-functions/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/recognising-organelles-in-micrographs2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/recognising-organelles-in-micrographs/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/protein-transport-rer-and-golgi2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/protein-transport-rer-and-golgi/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/prokaryotic-cells2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/prokaryotic-cells/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cells-tissues-organs-systems2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cells-tissues-organs-systems/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-cell-cycle2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/the-cell-cycle.jpgThe cell cycle | International A Level BiologyThe cell cycle is the sequence of events from one cell division to the next. Understanding how DNA is copied and shared explains how mitosis produces genetically identical cells for growth, repair and asexual reproduction.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/the-cell-cycle.mp4394yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-cell-cycle/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/stages-of-mitosis2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/stages-of-mitosis.jpgThe stages of mitosis | International A Level BiologyMitosis separates sister chromatids so that each new nucleus receives one copy of every chromosome. Knowing the stages helps you explain how this happens and identify mitosis in root tip cells.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/stages-of-mitosis.mp4365yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/stages-of-mitosis/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cp6-root-tip-squash2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/cp6-root-tip-squash.jpgCore practical 6: the root tip squash | International A Level BiologyThe root tip squash lets you see chromosomes and cells at different stages of mitosis under a light microscope. The method works because it separates the cells, stains the chromosomes and spreads the cells into one thin layer.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/cp6-root-tip-squash.mp4348yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cp6-root-tip-squash/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-mitotic-index2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/the-mitotic-index.jpgCalculating the mitotic index | International A Level BiologyThe mitotic index is the proportion of counted cells that are in mitosis. It helps you compare how quickly different tissues are growing, and you can use it to estimate cell numbers and time spent in a stage of the cell cycle.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/the-mitotic-index.mp4480yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-mitotic-index/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/meiosis-two-divisions2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/meiosis-two-divisions.jpgMeiosis: two divisions, four haploid cells | International A Level BiologyMeiosis makes four haploid cells through two divisions. It halves the chromosome number so fertilisation restores the diploid number instead of doubling it each generation.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/meiosis-two-divisions.mp4418yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/meiosis-two-divisions/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/meiosis-and-genetic-variation2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/meiosis-and-genetic-variation/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/loci-and-gene-linkage2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/loci-and-gene-linkage/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/mammalian-gametes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/mammalian-gametes/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/fertilisation-in-mammals2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/fertilisation-in-mammals/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/fertilisation-in-flowering-plants2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/fertilisation-in-flowering-plants/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/pollen-tube-growth2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/pollen-tube-growth/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/differential-gene-expression2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/differential-gene-expression.jpgHow cells become specialised | International A Level BiologyEvery cell has the same genes, but different cell types switch on different genes and make different proteins. This differential gene expression explains how cells become specialised for different jobs.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/differential-gene-expression.mp4375yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/differential-gene-expression/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/genotype-and-environment2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/genotype-and-environment.jpgPhenotype: genotype plus environment | International A Level BiologyA phenotype is the observable characteristics of an organism, produced by an interaction between its genotype and its environment. Understanding both helps explain why organisms with the same alleles can still look different.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/genotype-and-environment.mp4378yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/genotype-and-environment/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/epigenetics2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/epigenetics.jpgEpigenetics: methylation and histones | International A Level BiologyEpigenetic modifications alter whether genes are transcribed without changing the DNA base sequence. DNA methylation and histone acetylation affect gene access in different ways, and epigenetic marks can be passed on when cells divide.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/epigenetics.mp4466yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/epigenetics/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/multiple-alleles-and-polygenic-inheritance2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/multiple-alleles-and-polygenic-inheritance.jpgMultiple alleles, polygenic inheritance and continuous variation | International A Level BiologyMultiple alleles are different versions of one gene, while polygenic inheritance involves several genes affecting one characteristic. Many genes and environmental effects can produce continuous variation, where values form a range rather than separate categories.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/multiple-alleles-and-polygenic-inheritance.mp4431yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/multiple-alleles-and-polygenic-inheritance/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/alternative-splicing2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/alternative-splicing.jpgOne gene, more than one protein | International A Level BiologyA single gene can produce different proteins because its pre-mRNA can be spliced in different ways. This lets cells make different proteins from one gene.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/alternative-splicing.mp4368yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/alternative-splicing/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/totipotent-and-pluripotent-stem-cells2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/totipotent-and-pluripotent-stem-cells/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/stem-cells-in-medicine-and-society2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/stem-cells-in-medicine-and-society/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cellulose-and-the-cell-wall2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/cellulose-and-the-cell-wall.jpgCellulose and the plant cell wall | International A Level BiologyCellulose is a structural polysaccharide made from β-glucose. Its straight chains bond into strong microfibrils, which help plant cell walls resist bursting while remaining permeable to water and ions.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/cellulose-and-the-cell-wall.mp4437yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cellulose-and-the-cell-wall/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/plant-cell-ultrastructure2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/plant-cell-ultrastructure.jpgPlant cell ultrastructure | International A Level BiologyPlant cells share most organelles with animal cells, but have extra structures including a cellulose wall, plastids and a large vacuole. Knowing what these structures do helps you identify plant cells and distinguish chloroplasts from amyloplasts.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/plant-cell-ultrastructure.mp4533yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/plant-cell-ultrastructure/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/xylem-phloem-and-sclerenchyma2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/xylem-phloem-and-sclerenchyma.jpgXylem, phloem and sclerenchyma | International A Level BiologyXylem, phloem and sclerenchyma have different structures and functions, and their positions in a stem vascular bundle follow a set order. Knowing how their cell walls are built helps you explain their physical properties and distinguish these from their functions.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/xylem-phloem-and-sclerenchyma.mp4459yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/xylem-phloem-and-sclerenchyma/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/plant-fibres-and-sustainability2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/plant-fibres-and-sustainability.jpgPlant fibres, starch and sustainability | International A Level BiologyPlant fibre strength comes from cellulose microfibrils arranged in layers and bound by lignin. Comparing plant-based and oil-based products means considering where their materials come from and what happens to them after use.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/plant-fibres-and-sustainability.mp4435yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/plant-fibres-and-sustainability/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cp7-plant-tissue-sections2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/cp7-plant-tissue-sections.jpgCore practical 7: plan diagrams of roots, stems and leaves | International A Level BiologyA plan diagram shows the layout of tissues in a whole plant section, without drawing individual cells. You need to prepare thin transverse sections and recognise the positions of tissues in roots, stems and leaves.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/cp7-plant-tissue-sections.mp4529yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cp7-plant-tissue-sections/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/water-and-mineral-ions-in-plants2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/water-and-mineral-ions-in-plants/notes2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/plant-mineral-deficiencies2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/plant-mineral-deficiencies/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cp8-tensile-strength2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cp8-tensile-strength/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/bacterial-growth-and-plant-antimicrobials2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/bacterial-growth-and-plant-antimicrobials/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cp9-antimicrobial-properties-of-plants2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cp9-antimicrobial-properties-of-plants/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/developing-new-drugs2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/developing-new-drugs/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/principles-of-classification2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/principles-of-classification.jpgClassifying living things | International A Level BiologyClassification groups organisms according to how closely related they are, using evidence from both phenotype and genotype. The ranks and binomial names help biologists describe these relationships consistently.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/principles-of-classification.mp4390yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/principles-of-classification/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/what-is-a-species2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/what-is-a-species.jpgWhat is a species? | International A Level BiologyA species can be defined by whether its members produce fertile offspring, or by their shared ancestry. These ideas help classify organisms and use molecular evidence to identify the closest relatives.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/what-is-a-species.mp4437yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/what-is-a-species/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-three-domain-system2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/the-three-domain-system.jpgThe three-domain system | International A Level BiologyThe three-domain system uses molecular evidence to divide life into Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya. It explains why the old kingdom Prokaryotae was split, and how scientific evidence is checked before a classification changes.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/the-three-domain-system.mp4466yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-three-domain-system/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/biodiversity-and-endemism2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/biodiversity-and-endemism.jpgBiodiversity and endemism | International A Level BiologyBiodiversity is the variety of species and genetic variation in an area, built up through evolution over billions of years. Knowing how human activities reduce biodiversity, and why endemic species are especially vulnerable, helps you explain conservation problems.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/biodiversity-and-endemism.mp4429yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/biodiversity-and-endemism/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/species-richness-and-heterozygosity2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/species-richness-and-heterozygosity.jpgSpecies richness and the heterozygosity index | International A Level BiologySpecies richness counts the different species in a habitat, while the heterozygosity index measures genetic diversity within a population. You need to know how to collect the data fairly and calculate or rearrange the index.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/species-richness-and-heterozygosity.mp4362yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/species-richness-and-heterozygosity/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/index-of-diversity2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/index-of-diversity.jpgThe index of diversity | International A Level BiologyThe index of diversity, D, measures biodiversity using both the number of species and how many organisms belong to each species. A higher D means higher biodiversity, so it can distinguish habitats that have the same species richness.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/index-of-diversity.mp4381yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/index-of-diversity/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/niche-and-adaptation2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/niche-and-adaptation.jpgNiches and adaptations | International A Level BiologyA niche is a species’ role in its habitat, while an adaptation is a feature that helps it survive and reproduce there. Identifying the type of adaptation and explaining how it helps can earn important marks.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/niche-and-adaptation.mp4377yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/niche-and-adaptation/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-hardy-weinberg-equation2026-10-08https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/the-hardy-weinberg-equation.jpgThe Hardy-Weinberg equation | International A Level BiologyThe Hardy-Weinberg equations link allele frequencies to genotype frequencies in a population. They can help you estimate genotypes from a recessive phenotype and identify when allele frequencies change between generations.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/the-hardy-weinberg-equation.mp4449yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-hardy-weinberg-equation/notes2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/allele-frequency-mutation-and-selection2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/allele-frequency-mutation-and-selection/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/reproductive-isolation-and-speciation2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/reproductive-isolation-and-speciation/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/zoos-and-seed-banks2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/zoos-and-seed-banks/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/variables-and-controls2026-10-08https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/variables-and-controls.jpgVariables, controls and a fair test | International A Level BiologyA fair test changes one independent variable, measures a quantitative dependent variable and keeps relevant controlled variables the same. You also need to explain how variables are controlled, and distinguish a control set-up from a controlled variable.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/variables-and-controls.mp4402yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/variables-and-controls/notes2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/planning-an-experiment2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/planning-an-experiment.jpgPlanning an experiment for Unit 3 | International A Level BiologyA strong Unit 3 method gives enough detail for someone else to carry it out and get a result. Include specific values, measurements, controls, repeats and safety steps that fit the practical.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/planning-an-experiment.mp4440yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/planning-an-experiment/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/accuracy-precision-validity-reliability2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/accuracy-precision-validity-reliability.jpgAccuracy, precision, validity and repeatability | International A Level BiologyAccuracy, precision, repeatability, reproducibility and validity describe different qualities of experimental results. Knowing which quality is weak helps you identify errors and choose the right way to improve an investigation.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/accuracy-precision-validity-reliability.mp4362yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/accuracy-precision-validity-reliability/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/significant-figures-units-and-tables2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/significant-figures-units-and-tables.jpgSignificant figures, units and results tables | International A Level BiologyUse significant figures to show the precision of measurements, and round calculated answers only to the precision of the least accurate measurement. Clear headings, units and decimal places make results tables accurate and easy to read.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/significant-figures-units-and-tables.mp4427yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/significant-figures-units-and-tables/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/evaluating-an-experiment2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/evaluating-an-experiment.jpgEvaluating results and suggesting improvements | International A Level BiologyEvaluating practical results means identifying what could limit a method, explaining how it affects the results and suggesting a realistic improvement. You should also check anomalous readings, calculate percentage error and draw conclusions that stay within the evidence.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/evaluating-an-experiment.mp4382yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/evaluating-an-experiment/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/drawing-graphs2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/drawing-graphs/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/percentage-change-and-ratios2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/percentage-change-and-ratios/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/mean-range-and-standard-deviation2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/mean-range-and-standard-deviation/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/photosynthesis-the-overall-reaction2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/photosynthesis-the-overall-reaction.jpgPhotosynthesis: the overall reaction | International A Level BiologyPhotosynthesis absorbs light energy and stores it as chemical energy in glucose. Understanding the balanced equation, where its atoms come from, and how the two stages work helps you explain the whole process.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/photosynthesis-the-overall-reaction.mp4491yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/photosynthesis-the-overall-reaction/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/atp-and-photophosphorylation2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/atp-and-photophosphorylation.jpgATP: the immediate energy supply | International A Level BiologyATP is a nucleotide that supplies cells with energy in small amounts when it is hydrolysed. Cells continually remake ATP by phosphorylation, using energy from respiration or light.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/atp-and-photophosphorylation.mp4449yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/atp-and-photophosphorylation/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/chloroplast-structure2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/chloroplast-structure.jpgChloroplast structure and function | International A Level BiologyChloroplasts contain specialised structures that support photosynthesis. Knowing where each stage happens and how the structures are adapted helps you explain the process and compare chloroplasts with mitochondria.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/chloroplast-structure.mp4490yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/chloroplast-structure/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/absorption-and-action-spectra2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/absorption-and-action-spectra.jpgAbsorption and action spectra | International A Level BiologyAn absorption spectrum shows how much light pigments absorb at each wavelength, while an action spectrum shows the rate of photosynthesis at each wavelength. Comparing them explains which wavelengths drive photosynthesis and how accessory pigments let a leaf use a wider range of light.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/absorption-and-action-spectra.mp4416yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/absorption-and-action-spectra/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/chromatography-of-leaf-pigments2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/chromatography-of-leaf-pigments.jpgSeparating leaf pigments by chromatography | International A Level BiologyChromatography separates the pigments in a leaf so they can be identified. You identify them by calculating their Rf values and comparing these with known values measured under the same conditions.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/chromatography-of-leaf-pigments.mp4401yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/chromatography-of-leaf-pigments/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-light-dependent-reactions2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-light-dependent-reactions/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cyclic-and-non-cyclic-photophosphorylation2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cyclic-and-non-cyclic-photophosphorylation/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-calvin-cycle2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-calvin-cycle/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/products-of-photosynthesis2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/products-of-photosynthesis/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cp10-rate-of-photosynthesis2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cp10-rate-of-photosynthesis/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/limiting-factors-in-photosynthesis2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/limiting-factors-in-photosynthesis/notes2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/populations-communities-and-ecosystems2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/populations-communities-and-ecosystems.jpgPopulation, community, habitat and ecosystem | International A Level BiologyPopulation, community, habitat and ecosystem describe different parts of the living world, from one organism to interacting living and non-living parts of an area. Using each term precisely, and applying it to the place named in a question, helps you gain the marks.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/populations-communities-and-ecosystems.mp4351yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/populations-communities-and-ecosystems/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/succession2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/succession.jpgSuccession: from colonisation to climax | International A Level BiologySuccession is the gradual change in the species making up a community, as one community replaces another until a stable climax forms. Understanding how conditions change at each stage helps you explain how succession happens and distinguish its different types.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/succession.mp4462yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/succession/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/abiotic-factors-and-populations2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/abiotic-factors-and-populations.jpgAbiotic factors and population size | International A Level BiologyAbiotic factors are non-living features of the environment that affect how many organisms live in an area and where they are found. Explain their effects as a chain from the factor, through what happens inside the organism, to survival and reproduction.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/abiotic-factors-and-populations.mp4458yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/abiotic-factors-and-populations/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/biotic-factors-and-populations2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/biotic-factors-and-populations.jpgBiotic factors: predation, competition and disease | International A Level BiologyBiotic factors are influences from living organisms, including competition, predation, parasitism, disease and food supply. They change survival and reproduction, so they can change population size and produce cycles in predator and prey numbers.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/biotic-factors-and-populations.mp4490yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/biotic-factors-and-populations/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/niche-distribution-and-abundance2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/niche-distribution-and-abundance.jpgHow the niche explains distribution and abundance | International A Level BiologyA species’ niche helps explain where it lives and how many individuals are found there. Competition for shared resources can restrict its distribution, while differences in niches allow species to share a habitat.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/niche-distribution-and-abundance.mp4449yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/niche-distribution-and-abundance/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cp11-random-sampling-with-quadrats2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cp11-random-sampling-with-quadrats/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cp11-transects-and-abiotic-factors2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cp11-transects-and-abiotic-factors/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-null-hypothesis-and-choosing-a-test2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-null-hypothesis-and-choosing-a-test/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/spearmans-rank-correlation2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/spearmans-rank-correlation/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/students-t-test2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/students-t-test/notes2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-chi-squared-test2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-chi-squared-test/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/energy-transfer-between-trophic-levels2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/energy-transfer-between-trophic-levels.jpgEnergy transfer between trophic levels | International A Level BiologyEnergy transfer between trophic levels is inefficient, so only a small amount becomes biomass available to the next level. This limits how many trophic levels a food chain can support.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/energy-transfer-between-trophic-levels.mp4385yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/energy-transfer-between-trophic-levels/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/gpp-npp-and-respiration2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/gpp-npp-and-respiration.jpgGross and net primary productivity | International A Level BiologyGross primary productivity (GPP) is the chemical energy made by photosynthesis, while net primary productivity (NPP) is what remains after plant respiration. NPP shows how much energy is stored in new plant biomass and can become available to other organisms.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/gpp-npp-and-respiration.mp4424yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/gpp-npp-and-respiration/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/carbon-cycle-sinks-and-fluxes2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/carbon-cycle-sinks-and-fluxes.jpgThe carbon cycle | International A Level BiologyThe carbon cycle shows where carbon is stored and how it moves between stores. Understanding its sinks and fluxes explains changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide and how those changes can be reduced.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/carbon-cycle-sinks-and-fluxes.mp4519yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/carbon-cycle-sinks-and-fluxes/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/reducing-atmospheric-carbon-dioxide2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/reducing-atmospheric-carbon-dioxide.jpgUsing the carbon cycle to reduce atmospheric CO₂ | International A Level BiologyYou can reduce atmospheric CO₂ by lowering combustion or increasing photosynthesis. Forests and biofuels can help, but their benefits depend on how they are managed and on the extra emissions they cause.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/reducing-atmospheric-carbon-dioxide.mp4490yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/reducing-atmospheric-carbon-dioxide/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-greenhouse-effect-and-anthropogenic-change2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/the-greenhouse-effect-and-anthropogenic-change.jpgThe greenhouse effect and anthropogenic climate change | International A Level BiologyThe natural greenhouse effect keeps Earth warm enough for life. Human activities add greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, enhancing the effect and causing anthropogenic climate change.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/the-greenhouse-effect-and-anthropogenic-change.mp4464yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-greenhouse-effect-and-anthropogenic-change/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/evidence-from-co2-and-temperature-records2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/evidence-from-co2-and-temperature-records/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/evidence-from-pollen-and-tree-rings2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/evidence-from-pollen-and-tree-rings/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/correlation-causation-and-the-climate-debate2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/correlation-causation-and-the-climate-debate/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/climate-models-and-their-limitations2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/climate-models-and-their-limitations/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/effects-of-climate-change-on-organisms2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/effects-of-climate-change-on-organisms/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/temperature-enzymes-and-q102026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/temperature-enzymes-and-q10/notes2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cp12-temperature-and-development2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cp12-temperature-and-development/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/evolution-by-natural-selection2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/evolution-by-natural-selection/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/allopatric-and-sympatric-speciation2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/allopatric-and-sympatric-speciation/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/bacteria-and-viruses-compared2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/bacteria-and-viruses-compared.jpgBacteria and viruses compared | International A Level BiologyBacteria are living prokaryotic cells, while viruses are not cells and can only be copied inside a host cell. Comparing their structures, and the structures of four named viruses, helps you identify their key features accurately.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/bacteria-and-viruses-compared.mp4600yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/bacteria-and-viruses-compared/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/lytic-and-latent-infections2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/lytic-and-latent-infections.jpgLytic and latent infections | International A Level BiologyA lytic infection makes new viruses straight away and destroys the host cell. During latency, viral genetic material stays in the host cell without making new viruses, but it can later become active and enter the lytic cycle.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/lytic-and-latent-infections.mp4449yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/lytic-and-latent-infections/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-bacterial-growth-curve2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/the-bacterial-growth-curve.jpgThe bacterial growth curve | International A Level BiologyA bacterial growth curve shows how the number of living bacteria changes in a closed culture. Its four phases reflect changes in enzyme activity, nutrient supply and toxic waste, while a log scale makes very large population changes easier to plot and read.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/the-bacterial-growth-curve.mp4404yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-bacterial-growth-curve/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/exponential-growth-rate-constants2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/exponential-growth-rate-constants.jpgCalculating exponential growth and the growth rate constant | International A Level BiologyBacteria double once per generation during exponential growth, so you can calculate their number using powers of 2. The growth rate constant, k, measures generations per hour and can be used to find the mean generation time.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/exponential-growth-rate-constants.mp4425yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/exponential-growth-rate-constants/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/culturing-with-aseptic-technique2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/culturing-with-aseptic-technique.jpgCulturing microorganisms with aseptic technique | International A Level BiologyAseptic technique lets you grow the microorganism you want while limiting contamination and keeping the culture safe. You need to know how to prepare and inoculate plates, and why each safety step is used.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/culturing-with-aseptic-technique.mp4438yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/culturing-with-aseptic-technique/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/counting-cells-and-dilution-plating2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/counting-cells-and-dilution-plating/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/turbidity-and-mass-methods2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/turbidity-and-mass-methods/notes2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cp13-growth-in-liquid-culture2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cp13-growth-in-liquid-culture/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/how-pathogens-enter-the-body2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/how-pathogens-enter-the-body/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/tuberculosis2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/tuberculosis/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/hiv-and-aids2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/hiv-and-aids/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/inflammation-lysozyme-and-interferon2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/inflammation-lysozyme-and-interferon.jpgNon-specific responses: inflammation, lysozyme and interferon | International A Level BiologyInflammation, lysozyme and interferon are fast, non-specific defences against pathogens. They help phagocytes reach infection, destroy bacteria and slow the spread of viruses.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/inflammation-lysozyme-and-interferon.mp4413yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/inflammation-lysozyme-and-interferon/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/phagocytosis2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/phagocytosis.jpgPhagocytosis | International A Level BiologyPhagocytosis is how neutrophils and macrophages engulf and digest pathogens. Macrophages also present pathogen antigens to T helper cells, helping to start the specific immune response.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/phagocytosis.mp4422yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/phagocytosis/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/antigens-antibodies-and-antigen-presentation2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/antigens-antibodies-and-antigen-presentation.jpgAntigens, antibodies and antigen-presenting cells | International A Level BiologyAntigens trigger immune responses, while antibodies bind to specific antigens and help the body deal with pathogens. Knowing the antibody structure and how macrophages, T helper cells and B cells work together helps you explain immune responses accurately.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/antigens-antibodies-and-antigen-presentation.mp4410yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/antigens-antibodies-and-antigen-presentation/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-humoral-response-b-cells2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/the-humoral-response-b-cells.jpgThe specific response: B cells and antibodies | International A Level BiologyClonal selection produces the plasma cells that secrete antibodies and the memory cells that remain in the body. These memory cells make the response to the same antigen faster, higher and longer lasting.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/the-humoral-response-b-cells.mp4371yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-humoral-response-b-cells/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-cell-mediated-response-t-cells2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/the-cell-mediated-response-t-cells.jpgThe specific response: T helper, T killer and T memory cells | International A Level BiologyT helper cells coordinate the specific immune response by releasing cytokines, while T killer cells destroy infected body cells. T memory cells remain in the body, helping the response act faster if the same antigen returns.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/the-cell-mediated-response-t-cells.mp4505yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-cell-mediated-response-t-cells/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/natural-artificial-active-passive-immunity2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/natural-artificial-active-passive-immunity/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-evolutionary-race2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-evolutionary-race/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/bacteriostatic-and-bactericidal-antibiotics2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/bacteriostatic-and-bactericidal-antibiotics/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cp14-antibiotics-and-bacteria2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cp14-antibiotics-and-bacteria/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/antibiotic-resistance-and-hospital-infections2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/antibiotic-resistance-and-hospital-infections/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/decomposition-and-recycling-carbon2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/decomposition-and-recycling-carbon.jpgMicroorganisms, decomposition and the carbon cycle | International A Level BiologyDecomposers use extracellular digestion to break down dead matter, then absorb and respire the products. This returns carbon to the atmosphere and helps explain why decomposition speeds up in some conditions but almost stops in waterlogged soil.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/decomposition-and-recycling-carbon.mp4498yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/decomposition-and-recycling-carbon/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/time-of-death-temperature-and-rigor-mortis2026-10-08https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/time-of-death-temperature-and-rigor-mortis.jpgTime of death: body temperature and rigor mortis | International A Level BiologyBody temperature and rigor mortis provide two ways to estimate time since death. Both methods have limits because conditions affect cooling and the development of stiffness.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/time-of-death-temperature-and-rigor-mortis.mp4494yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/time-of-death-temperature-and-rigor-mortis/notes2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/time-of-death-decomposition-and-insects2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/time-of-death-decomposition-and-insects.jpgTime of death: decomposition, succession and forensic entomology | International A Level BiologyDecomposition, the organisms that arrive on a body, and blowfly development provide evidence about time since death. Each method has limits, so the estimate depends on conditions and on choosing the right evidence.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/time-of-death-decomposition-and-insects.mp4512yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/time-of-death-decomposition-and-insects/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/polymerase-chain-reaction2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/polymerase-chain-reaction.jpgThe polymerase chain reaction (PCR) | International A Level BiologyPCR amplifies DNA by repeatedly separating its strands and using them as templates to make new strands. It is useful when a sample contains too little DNA to analyse, such as a single hair from a crime scene.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/polymerase-chain-reaction.mp4379yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/polymerase-chain-reaction/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/gel-electrophoresis2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/gel-electrophoresis.jpgGel electrophoresis | International A Level BiologyGel electrophoresis sorts DNA fragments by length. It is used to compare DNA samples and estimate fragment sizes by seeing how far the fragments travel through a gel.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/gel-electrophoresis.mp4461yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/gel-electrophoresis/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/dna-profiling2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/dna-profiling/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/respiration-an-overview2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/respiration-an-overview.jpgAerobic respiration: the overall reaction | International A Level BiologyAerobic respiration breaks down glucose using oxygen and releases energy that cells use to make ATP. Its balanced equation shows where the carbon, hydrogen and oxygen end up, while its four stages show how the process happens in controlled steps.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/respiration-an-overview.mp4471yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/respiration-an-overview/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/glycolysis2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/glycolysis.jpgGlycolysis | International A Level BiologyGlycolysis is the first stage of respiration. It splits one glucose molecule into two pyruvate molecules in the cytoplasm, without needing oxygen, and provides a net yield of 2 ATP.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/glycolysis.mp4391yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/glycolysis/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/anaerobic-respiration-and-lactate2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/anaerobic-respiration-and-lactate.jpgAnaerobic respiration and what happens to lactate | International A Level BiologyAnaerobic respiration lets glycolysis continue when oxygen is unavailable, but it produces only a small amount of ATP. In animals, lactate is made and later carried to the liver, where it is processed.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/anaerobic-respiration-and-lactate.mp4428yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/anaerobic-respiration-and-lactate/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-link-reaction-and-krebs-cycle2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/the-link-reaction-and-krebs-cycle.jpgThe link reaction and the Krebs cycle | International A Level BiologyThe link reaction and Krebs cycle take place in the mitochondrial matrix and continue the breakdown of pyruvate. They release carbon dioxide, transfer hydrogen to NAD and FAD, and make a small amount of ATP.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/the-link-reaction-and-krebs-cycle.mp4432yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-link-reaction-and-krebs-cycle/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/oxidative-phosphorylation2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/oxidative-phosphorylation.jpgOxidative phosphorylation and chemiosmosis | International A Level BiologyOxidative phosphorylation makes most of the ATP from respiration at the inner mitochondrial membrane. It uses energy from electrons to build a proton gradient, then uses chemiosmosis to make ATP.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/oxidative-phosphorylation.mp4456yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/oxidative-phosphorylation/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-respiratory-quotient2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-respiratory-quotient/notes2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cp15-redox-indicator-and-yeast2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cp15-redox-indicator-and-yeast/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cp16-the-respirometer2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cp16-the-respirometer/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/muscles-tendons-ligaments-and-joints2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/muscles-tendons-ligaments-and-joints.jpgHow muscles, tendons, ligaments and the skeleton produce movement | International A Level BiologyMuscles pull on bones to create movement, while tendons connect muscles to bones and ligaments keep joints stable. Muscles work in opposing pairs, and synovial joints are adapted to move smoothly.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/muscles-tendons-ligaments-and-joints.mp4441yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/muscles-tendons-ligaments-and-joints/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/skeletal-muscle-fibre-structure2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/skeletal-muscle-fibre-structure.jpgThe structure of a skeletal muscle fibre | International A Level BiologySkeletal muscle is organised in levels, from the whole muscle down to actin and myosin filaments. Knowing the parts of a muscle fibre and sarcomere helps you explain how the structure supports contraction.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/skeletal-muscle-fibre-structure.mp4444yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/skeletal-muscle-fibre-structure/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/fast-and-slow-twitch-fibres2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/fast-and-slow-twitch-fibres.jpgFast and slow twitch muscle fibres | International A Level BiologySlow twitch and fast twitch muscle fibres have different structures, so they work in different ways. These differences explain why slow twitch fibres suit endurance events, while fast twitch fibres suit short bursts of speed and power.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/fast-and-slow-twitch-fibres.mp4534yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/fast-and-slow-twitch-fibres/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-sliding-filament-theory2026-10-08https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/the-sliding-filament-theory.jpgThe sliding filament theory | International A Level BiologyThe sliding filament theory explains how actin and myosin slide past each other to shorten a sarcomere. Calcium ions expose actin’s binding sites, allowing myosin heads to form cross-bridges and pull the actin.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/the-sliding-filament-theory.mp4566yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-sliding-filament-theory/notes2026-10-08 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-myogenic-heartbeat2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/the-myogenic-heartbeat.jpgThe myogenic heartbeat: SAN, AVN, bundle of His | International A Level BiologyThe heartbeat is myogenic, so each beat starts in the heart muscle itself. The conducting system then coordinates atrial and ventricular contractions so the ventricles fill before pumping blood out.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/the-myogenic-heartbeat.mp4340yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-myogenic-heartbeat/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/ecgs-and-abnormal-rhythms2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/ecgs-and-abnormal-rhythms/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/negative-and-positive-feedback2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/negative-and-positive-feedback/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cardiac-output-and-heart-rate2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cardiac-output-and-heart-rate/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/controlling-heart-rate2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/controlling-heart-rate/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/controlling-ventilation2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/controlling-ventilation/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cp17-spirometer-traces2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cp17-spirometer-traces/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/hormones-and-transcription-factors2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/hormones-and-transcription-factors.jpgHow hormones switch genes on and off | International A Level BiologyHormones can affect whether genes are transcribed by changing transcription factors, which bind to gene promoters. Peptide and steroid hormones reach these factors in different ways, so it matters which part of the pathway binds to the DNA.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/hormones-and-transcription-factors.mp4490yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/hormones-and-transcription-factors/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-kidney-structure2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/the-kidney-structure.jpgThe gross and microscopic structure of the kidney | International A Level BiologyThe kidney has an outer cortex, an inner medulla and a renal pelvis, with nephrons running through the cortex and medulla. Knowing the structures and their positions helps you interpret kidney micrographs and calculate magnification.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/the-kidney-structure.mp4471yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-kidney-structure/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/urea-and-ultrafiltration2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/urea-and-ultrafiltration.jpgUrea production and ultrafiltration | International A Level BiologyThe liver converts excess amino acids into urea, which is carried in the blood to the kidneys. In the kidney, high pressure in the glomerulus forces small molecules into Bowman's capsule while cells and large proteins remain in the blood.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/urea-and-ultrafiltration.mp4427yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/urea-and-ultrafiltration/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/selective-reabsorption-in-the-proximal-tubule2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/selective-reabsorption-in-the-proximal-tubule.jpgSelective reabsorption in the proximal tubule | International A Level BiologyThe proximal tubule selectively reabsorbs useful substances from the filtrate back into the blood. Its cell adaptations support glucose and amino acid co-transport, while water follows the solutes by osmosis.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/selective-reabsorption-in-the-proximal-tubule.mp4398yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/selective-reabsorption-in-the-proximal-tubule/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-loop-of-henle2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/the-loop-of-henle.jpgThe loop of Henle as a countercurrent multiplier | International A Level BiologyThe loop of Henle builds a low water potential in the kidney medulla, allowing water to be reabsorbed from the collecting duct. Longer loops build a bigger gradient, helping desert animals produce a small volume of concentrated urine.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/the-loop-of-henle.mp4431yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-loop-of-henle/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/adh-and-osmoregulation2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/adh-and-osmoregulation/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/homeostasis-and-thermoregulation2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/homeostasis-and-thermoregulation/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-structure-of-neurones2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/the-structure-of-neurones.jpgSensory, relay and motor neurones | International A Level BiologySensory, relay and motor neurones have different structures because they carry impulses along different routes. Knowing each neurone’s structure and function helps you explain how impulses travel from a receptor to an effector.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/the-structure-of-neurones.mp4428yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-structure-of-neurones/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/stimulus-to-response2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/stimulus-to-response.jpgFrom stimulus to response | International A Level BiologyA nervous response follows a pathway from a detected stimulus to an action by a muscle or gland. Knowing each step helps you explain how the body responds, including how the brain perceives pain.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/stimulus-to-response.mp4409yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/stimulus-to-response/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-spinal-reflex-arc2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/the-spinal-reflex-arc.jpgThe spinal reflex arc | International A Level BiologyA spinal reflex arc is a short, automatic pathway that produces a rapid response to a stimulus. Its speed helps protect the body, and the spinal cord coordinates the response before the brain is informed.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/the-spinal-reflex-arc.mp4384yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-spinal-reflex-arc/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-resting-potential2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/the-resting-potential.jpgThe resting potential | International A Level BiologyThe resting potential is the potential difference across a neurone membrane when it is not conducting an impulse. It is about −70 mV, with the inside negative relative to the outside, and keeps the neurone ready to respond.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/the-resting-potential.mp4392yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-resting-potential/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-action-potential2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/the-action-potential.jpgThe action potential | International A Level BiologyAn action potential is a rapid change in the electrical potential across an axon membrane, caused by Na⁺ and K⁺ ions moving through channels. Its phases, threshold and refractory period explain how nerve impulses are produced and controlled.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/the-action-potential.mp4429yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-action-potential/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/propagation-and-saltatory-conduction2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/propagation-and-saltatory-conduction/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/synapses-and-acetylcholine2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/synapses-and-acetylcholine/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/pupil-dilation-and-constriction2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/pupil-dilation-and-constriction/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/drugs-and-the-synapse2026-10-11 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/drugs-and-the-synapse/notes2026-10-11 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/rods-and-rhodopsin2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/rods-and-rhodopsin/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/habituation2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/habituation/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/brain-regions-and-functions2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/brain-regions-and-functions.jpgThe regions of the human brain | International A Level BiologyThe nervous system is divided into the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. Knowing where the brain’s main regions are and what each controls helps you explain how the body responds and stays regulated.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/brain-regions-and-functions.mp4434yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/brain-regions-and-functions/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/nervous-and-hormonal-coordination2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/nervous-and-hormonal-coordination.jpgNervous and hormonal coordination | International A Level BiologyAnimals coordinate responses using the nervous system, hormones, or both together. Knowing how their signals differ, and how the peripheral nervous system is organised, helps explain how the body responds to everyday actions and threats.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/nervous-and-hormonal-coordination.mp4471yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/nervous-and-hormonal-coordination/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/brain-imaging2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/brain-imaging.jpgImaging the brain: MRI, fMRI, PET and CT | International A Level BiologyCT and MRI show brain structure, while fMRI and PET show brain activity. Knowing how each scan works, what it shows and its risks helps you choose the right scan for a patient.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/brain-imaging.mp4524yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/brain-imaging/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/dopamine-serotonin-and-new-drugs2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/dopamine-serotonin-and-new-drugs.jpgBrain chemicals: dopamine, serotonin and new drugs | International A Level BiologyDopamine and serotonin affect impulses in brain pathways, so changes in their levels can alter movement and mood. Understanding these chemicals and the genes linked to their targets helps explain current treatments and how more personalised drugs can be developed.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/dopamine-serotonin-and-new-drugs.mp4510yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/dopamine-serotonin-and-new-drugs/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/auxin-and-gibberellins2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/auxin-and-gibberellins.jpgPlant responses: auxin and gibberellins | International A Level BiologyAuxin (IAA) and gibberellin are plant hormones that control growth by changing how cells behave and which genes are transcribed. IAA helps shoots grow towards light, while gibberellin helps stems elongate and seeds germinate.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/auxin-and-gibberellins.mp4476yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/auxin-and-gibberellins/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/phytochrome-and-flowering2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/phytochrome-and-flowering/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/phytochrome-and-transcription2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/phytochrome-and-transcription/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cp18-amylase-in-germinating-grains2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/cp18-amylase-in-germinating-grains/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/producing-recombinant-dna2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/producing-recombinant-dna.jpgProducing recombinant DNA | International A Level BiologyRecombinant DNA is DNA joined from two sources, such as a human gene inserted into a bacterial plasmid. Restriction enzymes, complementary sticky ends and DNA ligase allow the gene to be joined into a plasmid.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/producing-recombinant-dna.mp4448yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/producing-recombinant-dna/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/getting-recombinant-dna-into-cells2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/getting-recombinant-dna-into-cells.jpgGetting recombinant DNA into cells | International A Level BiologyRecombinant DNA must enter a living cell so the cell can copy it or make its protein. Different methods suit different cells, and marker genes help identify the cells that took up the vector.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/getting-recombinant-dna-into-cells.mp4544yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/getting-recombinant-dna-into-cells/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/drugs-from-gmos2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/drugs-from-gmos.jpgDrugs from genetically modified organisms | International A Level BiologyGenetically modified microorganisms, plants and animals can make useful protein drugs. The host organism must be chosen to suit the protein, especially if it needs changes that bacteria cannot make.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/drugs-from-gmos.mp4435yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/drugs-from-gmos/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/microarrays-and-bioinformatics2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/microarrays-and-bioinformatics.jpgMicroarrays and bioinformatics | International A Level BiologyA microarray shows which genes are active by detecting labelled cDNA that binds to DNA probes on a chip. Bioinformatics uses computers to store and analyse biological data, including microarray results.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/microarrays-and-bioinformatics.mp4443yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/microarrays-and-bioinformatics/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/gmo-risks-and-benefits2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/gmo-risks-and-benefits.jpgGenetically modified organisms: risks and benefits | International A Level BiologyGenetically modified organisms (GMOs) can bring benefits such as higher yields and useful medicines, but they can also create risks for ecosystems, people and farmers. In an evaluation, use the named organism and data, explain a relevant benefit and risk, then make a judgement.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/gmo-risks-and-benefits.mp4451yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/gmo-risks-and-benefits/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/planning-an-investigation-for-unit-62026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/planning-an-investigation-for-unit-6.jpgPlanning an investigation for Unit 6 | International A Level BiologyA Unit 6 planning question asks you to design an investigation, explain how you would collect and analyse data, and identify limitations. A clear plan gives specific details for variables, controls, ethics and safety, so the results can be measured and trusted.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/planning-an-investigation-for-unit-6.mp4495yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/planning-an-investigation-for-unit-6/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/controlling-variables-precisely2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/controlling-variables-precisely.jpgControlling variables: saying exactly how | International A Level BiologyA strong control answer names the variable, then states exactly how it is controlled, including the method or apparatus and a value. In field studies, you measure and monitor variables instead, and explain how they could affect the results.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/controlling-variables-precisely.mp4429yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/controlling-variables-precisely/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/recording-and-analysing-data-for-unit-62026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/recording-and-analysing-data-for-unit-6.jpgRecording and analysing data: tables, logs and tests | International A Level BiologyRecord raw measurements in table headings, check that values and units make sense, and choose a graph and test that fit the data. Finish statistical conclusions in biological terms.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/recording-and-analysing-data-for-unit-6.mp4505yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/recording-and-analysing-data-for-unit-6/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/evaluating-limitations-and-extensions2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/evaluating-limitations-and-extensions.jpgLimitations, improvements and extensions | International A Level BiologyA strong practical evaluation names a limitation that could happen in that method and explains how it affects the results. Improvements make the same investigation more reliable, while extensions ask a new question.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/evaluating-limitations-and-extensions.mp4378yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/evaluating-limitations-and-extensions/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-pre-release-article2026-10-07https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/bio-ial/the-pre-release-article.jpgThe Unit 5 pre-release article | International A Level BiologyThe Unit 5 pre-release article question is worth 20 of the paper’s 90 marks, so preparing the article carefully can make a real difference. Use its facts to answer the exact question in your own words, with the biology linked to the article’s example.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/bio-ial/the-pre-release-article.mp4398yes https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-biology/the-pre-release-article/notes2026-10-07 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/past-papers2026-10-15 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/average-speed2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/average-speed.jpgAverage speed, distance and time | IGCSE PhysicsAverage speed links the distance travelled with the time taken. Use metres and seconds in the equation, then rearrange it to find a distance or time when needed.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/average-speed.mp4421yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/average-speed/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/distance-time-graphs2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/distance-time-graphs.jpgDistance-time graphs | IGCSE PhysicsA distance-time graph shows how an object's distance from its starting point changes over time. Its shape tells you whether the object is stationary, moving at a constant speed or speeding up, and its gradient can be used to find speed.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/distance-time-graphs.mp4360yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/distance-time-graphs/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/investigating-motion2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/investigating-motion.jpgPractical: investigating the motion of everyday objects | IGCSE PhysicsMeasure an object's average speed by timing it over a measured distance, then dividing distance by mean time. Repeats, longer distances and light gates reduce timing error, while a distance-time graph shows the object's speed through its gradient.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/investigating-motion.mp4338yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/investigating-motion/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/acceleration2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/acceleration.jpgAcceleration | IGCSE PhysicsAcceleration measures how quickly velocity changes. Use it to calculate an acceleration, a final velocity or a time, and remember that slowing down gives a negative acceleration.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/acceleration.mp4374yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/acceleration/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/velocity-time-graphs2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/velocity-time-graphs.jpgVelocity-time graphs | IGCSE PhysicsA velocity-time graph shows how an object's velocity changes over time. Its gradient gives the acceleration, and its shape must be read using the label on the vertical axis.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/velocity-time-graphs.mp4359yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/velocity-time-graphs/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/distance-from-a-velocity-time-graph2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/distance-from-a-velocity-time-graph/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/using-v-squared-equals-u-squared-plus-2as2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/using-v-squared-equals-u-squared-plus-2as/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/motion-graphs-exam-practice2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/motion-graphs-exam-practice/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/what-forces-do2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/what-forces-do.jpgWhat forces do and the types of force | IGCSE PhysicsA force is a push or pull between two objects, measured in newtons (N). Forces can change an object's motion or shape, and are classified as contact or non-contact forces.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/what-forces-do.mp4375yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/what-forces-do/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/scalars-and-vectors2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/scalars-and-vectors.jpgScalar and vector quantities | IGCSE PhysicsA scalar has size only, while a vector has both size and direction. This distinction helps you describe motion and forces accurately, especially when directions change or quantities act in opposite directions.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/scalars-and-vectors.mp4340yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/scalars-and-vectors/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/resultant-forces2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/resultant-forces.jpgResultant forces and free-body diagrams | IGCSE PhysicsA resultant force is the single force with the same effect as all the forces on an object combined. Finding the resultant and drawing free-body diagrams helps you work out whether an object's motion will change.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/resultant-forces.mp4419yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/resultant-forces/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/friction-and-drag2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/friction-and-drag.jpgFriction and drag | IGCSE PhysicsFriction and drag are forces that oppose motion, but they act in different situations. Knowing how they change helps explain grip, resistance, and the heating caused by braking.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/friction-and-drag.mp4373yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/friction-and-drag/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/investigating-springs2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/investigating-springs.jpgPractical: stretching springs, wires and rubber bands | IGCSE PhysicsMeasure how much a spring, wire or rubber band stretches as force is added. Accurate readings, safe handling and a graph of force against extension help you compare how each material behaves.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/investigating-springs.mp4425yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/investigating-springs/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/hookes-law2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/hookes-law/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/force-mass-and-acceleration2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/force-mass-and-acceleration.jpgForce, mass and acceleration | IGCSE PhysicsA resultant force changes an object's velocity, and the relationship between force, mass and acceleration is F = m × a. This equation lets you calculate any one of the three quantities, as long as you use the resultant force and mass in kilograms.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/force-mass-and-acceleration.mp4418yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/force-mass-and-acceleration/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/mass-and-weight2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/mass-and-weight.jpgMass and weight | IGCSE PhysicsMass is the amount of matter in an object, while weight is the gravitational force acting on it. The equation W = m × g links them and lets you calculate either quantity, using the correct units.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/mass-and-weight.mp4350yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/mass-and-weight/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/stopping-distances2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/stopping-distances.jpgStopping distance: thinking and braking | IGCSE PhysicsA vehicle’s stopping distance is the total distance it travels from seeing a hazard until it stops. It has two parts: thinking distance and braking distance.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/stopping-distances.mp4426yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/stopping-distances/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/factors-affecting-stopping-distance2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/factors-affecting-stopping-distance.jpgWhat affects stopping distance | IGCSE PhysicsStopping distance is the total distance travelled while the driver reacts and while the car brakes. Knowing which factors affect thinking distance or braking distance helps you explain how stopping distance changes.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/factors-affecting-stopping-distance.mp4337yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/factors-affecting-stopping-distance/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/falling-objects-and-terminal-velocity2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/falling-objects-and-terminal-velocity.jpgFalling objects and terminal velocity | IGCSE PhysicsA falling object speeds up as gravity pulls it down, but increasing air resistance reduces its acceleration. It reaches terminal velocity when air resistance balances its weight, so it continues falling at a steady speed.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/falling-objects-and-terminal-velocity.mp4342yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/falling-objects-and-terminal-velocity/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/the-skydiver2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/the-skydiver/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/momentum2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/momentum.jpgMomentum | IGCSE PhysicsMomentum combines an object's mass and velocity. It matters because both affect how difficult the object is to stop, and momentum has a direction as well as a size.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/momentum.mp4365yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/momentum/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/conservation-of-momentum-in-collisions2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/conservation-of-momentum-in-collisions.jpgConservation of momentum in collisions | IGCSE PhysicsIn a collision, total momentum before equals total momentum after if no external force acts. You can use this rule to find an object's velocity after a collision, including when objects move in opposite directions.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/conservation-of-momentum-in-collisions.mp4399yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/conservation-of-momentum-in-collisions/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/explosions-and-recoil2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/explosions-and-recoil.jpgExplosions and recoil | IGCSE PhysicsExplosions and recoil change how objects move, but total momentum is conserved. If parts start at rest, they move apart with equal and opposite momentum, so the lighter part has the greater speed.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/explosions-and-recoil.mp4359yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/explosions-and-recoil/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/force-and-change-in-momentum2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/force-and-change-in-momentum.jpgForce and the rate of change of momentum | IGCSE PhysicsA resultant force is the rate at which an object's momentum changes. Use the change in momentum and the time taken to calculate the force, taking care with units and direction.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/force-and-change-in-momentum.mp4350yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/force-and-change-in-momentum/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/momentum-and-car-safety2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/momentum-and-car-safety.jpgMomentum and safety features | IGCSE PhysicsSafety features reduce injury by increasing the time taken for a person or vehicle to stop. The change in momentum stays the same, so the longer stopping time gives a smaller force.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/momentum-and-car-safety.mp4394yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/momentum-and-car-safety/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/newtons-third-law2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/newtons-third-law/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/moments2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/moments.jpgMoments | IGCSE PhysicsA moment is the turning effect of a force about a pivot. You can calculate it using the force and the perpendicular distance from the pivot, then compare clockwise and anticlockwise moments to work out which way an object turns.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/moments.mp4428yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/moments/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/centre-of-gravity2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/centre-of-gravity.jpgCentre of gravity and stability | IGCSE PhysicsThe centre of gravity is the point through which an object's weight acts. Its position and the width of its base determine how far it can tilt before it topples.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/centre-of-gravity.mp4362yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/centre-of-gravity/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/the-principle-of-moments2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/the-principle-of-moments.jpgThe principle of moments | IGCSE PhysicsThe principle of moments explains how forces can balance without an object turning. It lets you find an unknown force or distance by comparing clockwise and anticlockwise moments about the same point.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/the-principle-of-moments.mp4437yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/the-principle-of-moments/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/beams-supported-at-both-ends2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/beams-supported-at-both-ends.jpgForces on a beam supported at both ends | IGCSE PhysicsA light beam supported at both ends has two upward support forces that balance the load. You can describe how the forces change as the load moves and calculate them using moments.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/beams-supported-at-both-ends.mp4424yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/beams-supported-at-both-ends/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/ac-and-dc2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/ac-and-dc.jpgAlternating and direct current | IGCSE PhysicsDirect current flows in one direction, while alternating current repeatedly changes direction. You can identify each from an oscilloscope trace and should know the units used for electrical quantities.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/ac-and-dc.mp4368yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/ac-and-dc/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/plugs-fuses-and-earthing2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/plugs-fuses-and-earthing.jpgFuses and earthing | IGCSE PhysicsThe live, neutral and earth wires have different jobs in a mains plug. A fuse and an earth wire help prevent electric shocks by breaking the circuit if a fault causes a large current.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/plugs-fuses-and-earthing.mp4282yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/plugs-fuses-and-earthing/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/double-insulation-and-circuit-breakers2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/double-insulation-and-circuit-breakers.jpgInsulation, double insulation and circuit breakers | IGCSE PhysicsElectrical safety features reduce the risk of electric shock and fire in appliances. You need to know how double insulation and circuit breakers work, and how circuit breakers compare with fuses.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/double-insulation-and-circuit-breakers.mp4306yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/double-insulation-and-circuit-breakers/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/the-heating-effect-of-a-current2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/the-heating-effect-of-a-current.jpgWhy a current heats a resistor | IGCSE PhysicsA current heats a resistor because moving electrons transfer energy to ions in the metal. This heating is useful in some appliances, but cables carrying large currents need to be thick to avoid overheating.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/the-heating-effect-of-a-current.mp4290yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/the-heating-effect-of-a-current/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/electrical-power2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/electrical-power.jpgElectrical power and choosing a fuse | IGCSE PhysicsElectrical power is the energy transferred each second, and it can be calculated using P = I × V. This lets you find an appliance’s normal current and choose a fuse that protects its wiring.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/electrical-power.mp4343yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/electrical-power/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/energy-transferred-by-appliances2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/energy-transferred-by-appliances/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/current-and-charge2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/current-and-charge.jpgCurrent is the rate of flow of charge | IGCSE PhysicsCurrent is the rate at which electric charge flows past a point. You can calculate charge, current or time using Q = I × t, and charge is not used up as it passes through a lamp.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/current-and-charge.mp4323yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/current-and-charge/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/circuit-symbols-and-meters2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/circuit-symbols-and-meters.jpgCircuit symbols, ammeters and voltmeters | IGCSE PhysicsCircuit diagrams use standard symbols, and each meter must be connected in the correct way. An ammeter measures current in series, while a voltmeter measures voltage across a part in parallel.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/circuit-symbols-and-meters.mp4322yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/circuit-symbols-and-meters/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/current-in-series-and-parallel2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/current-in-series-and-parallel.jpgCurrent in series and parallel circuits | IGCSE PhysicsCurrent behaves differently in series and parallel circuits. These rules let you work out missing currents and explain them using conservation of charge.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/current-in-series-and-parallel.mp4369yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/current-in-series-and-parallel/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/voltage-in-series-and-parallel2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/voltage-in-series-and-parallel.jpgVoltage in series and parallel circuits | IGCSE PhysicsVoltage is shared between components in a series circuit, but each branch in a parallel circuit has the full supply voltage. These rules let you work out missing voltmeter readings and explain how voltage is distributed.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/voltage-in-series-and-parallel.mp4314yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/voltage-in-series-and-parallel/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/voltage-and-energy2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/voltage-and-energy.jpgVoltage: energy per unit charge | IGCSE PhysicsVoltage is the energy transferred per unit charge passed. This definition helps you understand what a voltage measures and calculate energy transferred using charge, current and time.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/voltage-and-energy.mp4322yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/voltage-and-energy/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/choosing-series-or-parallel2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/choosing-series-or-parallel/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/resistance-and-ohms-law2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/resistance-and-ohms-law.jpgResistance and V = I × R | IGCSE PhysicsResistance describes how much a component opposes current, and is measured in ohms (Ω). The equation V = I × R links voltage, current and resistance, so you can calculate any one of them when you know the other two.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/resistance-and-ohms-law.mp4309yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/resistance-and-ohms-law/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/current-voltage-graphs2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/current-voltage-graphs.jpgCurrent-voltage graphs for components | IGCSE PhysicsI-V graphs show how current changes as voltage changes for different components. Their shapes reveal whether resistance stays constant, rises as a component heats up, or depends on the direction of the current.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/current-voltage-graphs.mp4318yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/current-voltage-graphs/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/investigating-current-and-voltage2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/investigating-current-and-voltage.jpgPractical: investigating how current varies with voltage | IGCSE PhysicsAn I-V investigation measures how current changes as voltage changes for a component. A variable resistor lets you collect enough readings to plot a graph and compare components.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/investigating-current-and-voltage.mp4351yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/investigating-current-and-voltage/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/ldrs-and-thermistors2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/ldrs-and-thermistors.jpgLight-dependent resistors and thermistors | IGCSE PhysicsAn LDR changes resistance with light, while a thermistor changes resistance with temperature. In sensing circuits, these changes affect the current and voltage, allowing devices to switch on or off automatically.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/ldrs-and-thermistors.mp4309yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/ldrs-and-thermistors/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/series-circuit-calculations2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/series-circuit-calculations.jpgCalculating current, voltage and resistance in a series circuit | IGCSE PhysicsIn a series circuit, resistances add and the same current flows through every component. These rules let you calculate the circuit current, the voltage across each resistor and an unknown resistance.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/series-circuit-calculations.mp4364yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/series-circuit-calculations/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/adding-resistors-in-series-and-parallel2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/adding-resistors-in-series-and-parallel/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/electricity-calculations-practice2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/electricity-calculations-practice/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/conductors-and-insulators2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/conductors-and-insulators.jpgElectrical conductors and insulators | IGCSE PhysicsConductors let electric charge flow, while insulators stop it. Their different behaviour comes from whether electrons can move, which is why cables and plugs use both types of material.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/conductors-and-insulators.mp4303yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/conductors-and-insulators/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/charging-by-friction2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/charging-by-friction.jpgCharging by friction | IGCSE PhysicsRubbing two insulators transfers electrons between them, so each becomes charged. Knowing which material gains or loses electrons helps you explain the charge and predict how charged rods behave.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/charging-by-friction.mp4295yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/charging-by-friction/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/forces-between-charges2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/forces-between-charges.jpgForces between charges and electrostatic effects | IGCSE PhysicsCharges of the same type repel, while opposite charges attract. A nearby charged object can shift electrons in a neutral object, creating an induced charge that explains effects such as a balloon sticking to a wall.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/forces-between-charges.mp4305yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/forces-between-charges/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/dangers-of-static-electricity2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/dangers-of-static-electricity.jpgDangers of static electricity | IGCSE PhysicsStatic charge can build up when materials rub together, then escape as a spark. Sparks can ignite fuel vapour or damage electronics, so bonding and earthing provide a path for electrons to flow away before charge builds up.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/dangers-of-static-electricity.mp4332yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/dangers-of-static-electricity/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/uses-of-static-electricity2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/uses-of-static-electricity.jpgUses of static electricity | IGCSE PhysicsStatic electricity is used to move toner, ink drops, paint droplets and smoke particles in useful ways. These devices work by charging objects, then using attraction or repulsion to control where they go.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/uses-of-static-electricity.mp4312yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/uses-of-static-electricity/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/transverse-and-longitudinal-waves2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/transverse-and-longitudinal-waves.jpgTransverse and longitudinal waves | IGCSE PhysicsWaves transfer energy and information from place to place without transferring matter. The direction of the oscillations compared with the direction of energy transfer tells you whether a wave is transverse or longitudinal.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/transverse-and-longitudinal-waves.mp4330yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/transverse-and-longitudinal-waves/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/describing-waves2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/describing-waves.jpgAmplitude, wavelength, frequency, period and wavefronts | IGCSE PhysicsWave properties describe the size and repeating pattern of a wave. You need to define them accurately and identify wavelength or period from the correct type of graph.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/describing-waves.mp4345yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/describing-waves/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/the-wave-equation2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/the-wave-equation.jpgThe wave equation v = f × λ | IGCSE PhysicsThe wave equation links wave speed, frequency and wavelength: v = f × λ. It applies to water, sound and electromagnetic waves, as long as you convert the values to the correct units first.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/the-wave-equation.mp4365yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/the-wave-equation/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/frequency-and-period2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/frequency-and-period.jpgFrequency and time period | IGCSE PhysicsFrequency is the number of waves each second, while the time period is the time taken for one wave. They are linked by f = 1/T, which also helps you find wavelength when you combine it with the wave equation.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/frequency-and-period.mp4326yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/frequency-and-period/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/reflection-and-refraction-of-waves2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/reflection-and-refraction-of-waves.jpgReflection and refraction of waves | IGCSE PhysicsReflection happens when waves bounce off a barrier. Refraction happens when waves enter a different medium and change speed, which changes their wavelength and can change their direction.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/reflection-and-refraction-of-waves.mp4302yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/reflection-and-refraction-of-waves/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/the-doppler-effect2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/the-doppler-effect/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/the-electromagnetic-spectrum2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/the-electromagnetic-spectrum.jpgThe electromagnetic spectrum | IGCSE PhysicsThe electromagnetic spectrum is the continuous range of electromagnetic waves, from radio waves to gamma rays. Knowing the order and the properties shared by all electromagnetic waves helps you compare them accurately.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/the-electromagnetic-spectrum.mp4309yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/the-electromagnetic-spectrum/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/uses-of-radio-microwaves-and-infrared2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/uses-of-radio-microwaves-and-infrared.jpgUses of radio waves, microwaves and infrared | IGCSE PhysicsRadio waves, microwaves and infrared have different uses because of the properties of each type of wave. Knowing the property and what it causes helps you explain why a wave is suitable for a particular job.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/uses-of-radio-microwaves-and-infrared.mp4319yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/uses-of-radio-microwaves-and-infrared/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/uses-of-light-uv-x-rays-and-gamma2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/uses-of-light-uv-x-rays-and-gamma.jpgUses of visible light, ultraviolet, x-rays and gamma rays | IGCSE PhysicsVisible light, ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays are useful because each interacts with materials in a different way. These differences allow them to carry information, produce light, show the inside of the body and kill bacteria.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/uses-of-light-uv-x-rays-and-gamma.mp4301yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/uses-of-light-uv-x-rays-and-gamma/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/dangers-of-electromagnetic-radiation2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/dangers-of-electromagnetic-radiation.jpgDangers of electromagnetic radiation and protection | IGCSE PhysicsToo much electromagnetic radiation can harm the body, but each type causes a different kind of damage. Knowing the specific harm and how to reduce exposure helps you answer exam questions accurately.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/dangers-of-electromagnetic-radiation.mp4302yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/dangers-of-electromagnetic-radiation/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/reflection-of-light2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/reflection-of-light.jpgReflection of light and plane mirrors | IGCSE PhysicsLight is a transverse wave that can reflect from a surface. The law of reflection helps you draw rays and describe the virtual image formed by a plane mirror.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/reflection-of-light.mp4361yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/reflection-of-light/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/refraction-of-light2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/refraction-of-light.jpgRefraction of light | IGCSE PhysicsRefraction is a change in the direction of light when it crosses from one material into another. Knowing how speed affects bending helps you draw rays through a glass block and explain when light does not bend.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/refraction-of-light.mp4302yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/refraction-of-light/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/investigating-refraction2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/investigating-refraction.jpgPractical: refraction in blocks and prisms | IGCSE PhysicsRefraction practicals show how to trace light through glass and measure its change of direction. A semicircular block isolates refraction at one face, while a prism separates white light into a spectrum.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/investigating-refraction.mp4305yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/investigating-refraction/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/refractive-index2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/refractive-index.jpgRefractive index: n = sin i / sin r | IGCSE PhysicsThe refractive index compares the sine of the angle of incidence with the sine of the angle of refraction. You can use it to calculate a material's refractive index or find either angle.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/refractive-index.mp4343yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/refractive-index/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/measuring-refractive-index2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/measuring-refractive-index.jpgPractical: measuring the refractive index of glass | IGCSE PhysicsMeasure how light refracts through a glass block at a range of incidence angles, then use a graph to find the refractive index. Using several readings and a line of best fit makes the result more reliable.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/measuring-refractive-index.mp4322yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/measuring-refractive-index/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/critical-angle-and-total-internal-reflection2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/critical-angle-and-total-internal-reflection/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/optical-fibres-and-prisms2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/optical-fibres-and-prisms/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/sound-waves2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/sound-waves.jpgSound waves and human hearing | IGCSE PhysicsSound is a longitudinal wave that travels through a medium, and its speed depends on the material. You can use an echo to calculate distance, but must account for the sound travelling there and back.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/sound-waves.mp4360yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/sound-waves/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/measuring-the-speed-of-sound2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/measuring-the-speed-of-sound.jpgPractical: measuring the speed of sound in air | IGCSE PhysicsThe speed of sound in air can be measured by timing sound over a known distance. Using a long distance, repeated measurements or microphones helps reduce timing errors.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/measuring-the-speed-of-sound.mp4350yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/measuring-the-speed-of-sound/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/displaying-sound-on-an-oscilloscope2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/displaying-sound-on-an-oscilloscope.jpgDisplaying a sound wave with a microphone and oscilloscope | IGCSE PhysicsA microphone changes sound into a changing voltage, which an oscilloscope displays as a trace against time. You can use the trace's time-base to find the period, then calculate the sound's frequency.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/displaying-sound-on-an-oscilloscope.mp4370yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/displaying-sound-on-an-oscilloscope/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/pitch-and-loudness2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/pitch-and-loudness.jpgPitch and loudness | IGCSE PhysicsPitch depends on the frequency of vibration, while loudness depends on its amplitude. These are separate features, so a sound can change in pitch without changing in loudness, or vice versa.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/pitch-and-loudness.mp4299yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/pitch-and-loudness/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/energy-stores-and-transfers2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/energy-stores-and-transfers.jpgEnergy stores and how energy is transferred | IGCSE PhysicsEnergy is held in stores and can be transferred from one store to another in four ways. Naming the store, the object and the transfer helps you describe energy changes clearly.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/energy-stores-and-transfers.mp4345yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/energy-stores-and-transfers/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/conservation-of-energy2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/conservation-of-energy.jpgConservation of energy | IGCSE PhysicsEnergy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred between stores. Conservation of energy lets you track useful and wasted energy, including why a ball bounces lower each time.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/conservation-of-energy.mp4326yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/conservation-of-energy/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/efficiency2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/efficiency.jpgEfficiency | IGCSE PhysicsEfficiency is the fraction of an energy or power input that becomes useful output. It helps you compare how well devices transfer energy and calculate useful output from an efficiency.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/efficiency.mp4309yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/efficiency/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/sankey-diagrams2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/sankey-diagrams.jpgSankey diagrams | IGCSE PhysicsA Sankey diagram shows how energy is transferred, with arrow widths in proportion to the amount of energy. It helps you identify useful and wasted outputs, check conservation of energy and calculate efficiency.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/sankey-diagrams.mp4335yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/sankey-diagrams/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/conduction2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/conduction.jpgConduction | IGCSE PhysicsConduction transfers thermal energy through a solid from a hotter place to a colder one. Understanding how particles and free electrons transfer energy helps explain why some materials conduct well and others insulate.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/conduction.mp4320yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/conduction/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/convection2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/convection.jpgConvection and convection currents | IGCSE PhysicsConvection transfers thermal energy through liquids and gases as warmer, less dense fluid rises and cooler, denser fluid sinks. Understanding this cycle explains how devices such as radiators, kettles and fridges heat or cool their contents.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/convection.mp4340yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/convection/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/thermal-radiation2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/thermal-radiation.jpgThermal radiation: emission and absorption | IGCSE PhysicsThermal radiation transfers energy by infrared waves, so it can travel through a vacuum. All objects emit and absorb infrared, and the surface affects how quickly energy is transferred.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/thermal-radiation.mp4299yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/thermal-radiation/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/investigating-thermal-energy-transfer2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/investigating-thermal-energy-transfer.jpgPractical: investigating conduction, convection and radiation | IGCSE PhysicsThese practicals show how to investigate conduction, convection and radiation. They also show how to make a fair comparison by controlling variables and working safely.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/investigating-thermal-energy-transfer.mp4360yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/investigating-thermal-energy-transfer/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/reducing-unwanted-energy-transfer2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/reducing-unwanted-energy-transfer.jpgReducing unwanted energy transfer | IGCSE PhysicsUnwanted energy transfer can be reduced by trapping air, using a vacuum, or reflecting infrared radiation. Linking each insulating feature to the transfer it reduces helps you explain how homes and vacuum flasks stay warm.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/reducing-unwanted-energy-transfer.mp4319yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/reducing-unwanted-energy-transfer/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/work-done2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/work-done.jpgWork done and energy transferred | IGCSE PhysicsWork is done when a force moves an object in the direction of the force. Work done measures the energy transferred, so it is useful for calculating how much energy moves between stores.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/work-done.mp4336yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/work-done/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/gravitational-potential-energy2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/gravitational-potential-energy.jpgGravitational potential energy | IGCSE PhysicsGravitational potential energy (GPE) is the energy gained when an object is raised. Use the object's mass and its vertical change in height to calculate the gain, or rearrange the equation to find a height.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/gravitational-potential-energy.mp4308yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/gravitational-potential-energy/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/kinetic-energy2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/kinetic-energy.jpgKinetic energy | IGCSE PhysicsKinetic energy is the energy an object has because it is moving. The equation lets you calculate kinetic energy, mass or speed, and shows why changing speed has a large effect on kinetic energy.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/kinetic-energy.mp4305yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/kinetic-energy/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/gpe-ke-and-work-together2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/gpe-ke-and-work-together.jpgLinking GPE, KE and work | IGCSE PhysicsGravitational potential energy (GPE) can be transferred to kinetic energy (KE) as an object falls. If friction is present, some energy is transferred to the thermal store of the surroundings, so less becomes KE.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/gpe-ke-and-work-together.mp4381yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/gpe-ke-and-work-together/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/power2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/power.jpgPower | IGCSE PhysicsPower is the rate of transfer of energy, or the rate of doing work. You calculate it from work done and time taken, and can rearrange the equation to find time.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/power.mp4352yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/power/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/generating-electricity-from-fuels2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/generating-electricity-from-fuels.jpgGenerating electricity: fossil fuels and nuclear power | IGCSE PhysicsFossil-fuel and nuclear power stations heat water to make steam, which turns a turbine and generator. Their main difference is how they release energy to heat the water.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/generating-electricity-from-fuels.mp4357yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/generating-electricity-from-fuels/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/wind-and-water-power2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/wind-and-water-power.jpgWind and water power | IGCSE PhysicsWind and water power transfer energy from moving air or water to a generator. Their output depends on the weather and on having a suitable location.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/wind-and-water-power.mp4331yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/wind-and-water-power/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/geothermal-and-solar-energy2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/geothermal-and-solar-energy.jpgGeothermal energy, solar heating and solar cells | IGCSE PhysicsGeothermal stations use heat from underground rocks to generate electricity. Solar heating panels warm water, while solar cells use light to produce an electric current.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/geothermal-and-solar-energy.mp4287yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/geothermal-and-solar-energy/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/comparing-energy-resources2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/comparing-energy-resources.jpgAdvantages and disadvantages of energy resources | IGCSE PhysicsEnergy resources have different effects on reliability, the environment and cost. Comparing these clearly helps you make a balanced judgement about how electricity should be generated.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/comparing-energy-resources.mp4368yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/comparing-energy-resources/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/density2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/density.jpgDensity | IGCSE PhysicsDensity is the mass packed into a given volume. You can calculate density or mass from ρ = m/V, convert between density units, and use density to explain why objects float.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/density.mp4396yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/density/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/measuring-density2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/measuring-density.jpgPractical: measuring density | IGCSE PhysicsDensity is found by dividing mass by volume. The method for measuring volume depends on whether the substance is a regular solid, an irregular solid or a liquid.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/measuring-density.mp4393yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/measuring-density/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/pressure2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/pressure.jpgPressure | IGCSE PhysicsPressure measures how concentrated a force is on a surface. Use pressure = force ÷ area to calculate pressure or force, and remember that a mass must be converted to weight before you use it.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/pressure.mp4378yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/pressure/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/pressure-in-fluids2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/pressure-in-fluids.jpgPressure in liquids and gases | IGCSE PhysicsPressure in a fluid at rest acts equally in all directions. Increases in depth or fluid density increase the pressure, which you can calculate using the pressure difference equation.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/pressure-in-fluids.mp4361yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/pressure-in-fluids/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/pressure-difference-calculations2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/pressure-difference-calculations.jpgCalculating pressure in a liquid | IGCSE PhysicsLiquid pressure difference depends on the liquid’s depth, density and gravitational field strength. You can also rearrange the equation to find depth, or add atmospheric pressure to find the total pressure.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/pressure-difference-calculations.mp4359yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/pressure-difference-calculations/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/particles-in-solids-liquids-and-gases2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/particles-in-solids-liquids-and-gases.jpgParticles in solids, liquids and gases | IGCSE PhysicsThe arrangement and movement of particles explain the properties of solids, liquids and gases. Use these ideas to describe each state and draw its particle diagram.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/particles-in-solids-liquids-and-gases.mp4308yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/particles-in-solids-liquids-and-gases/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/changes-of-state2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/changes-of-state.jpgChanges of state: melting, evaporating and boiling | IGCSE PhysicsHeating can raise a substance’s temperature or change its state. The particle model explains melting, boiling and evaporation, including why evaporation cools the liquid left behind.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/changes-of-state.mp4326yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/changes-of-state/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/heating-and-cooling-curves2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/heating-and-cooling-curves.jpgPractical: a temperature-time graph for a change of state | IGCSE PhysicsA temperature-time graph shows how a substance cools or warms, including the flat sections where it changes state. The shape of the graph helps explain what happens to particle energy during freezing, melting and boiling.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/heating-and-cooling-curves.mp4356yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/heating-and-cooling-curves/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/specific-heat-capacity2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/specific-heat-capacity.jpgSpecific heat capacity | IGCSE PhysicsSpecific heat capacity tells you how much energy is needed to warm a substance. The equation ΔQ = m × c × ΔT lets you calculate energy, mass, specific heat capacity or temperature change.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/specific-heat-capacity.mp4419yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/specific-heat-capacity/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/measuring-specific-heat-capacity2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/measuring-specific-heat-capacity.jpgPractical: measuring specific heat capacity | IGCSE PhysicsSpecific heat capacity is the energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a material by 1 °C. You can measure it by heating a sample, measuring the energy supplied and finding its temperature rise.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/measuring-specific-heat-capacity.mp4373yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/measuring-specific-heat-capacity/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/gas-pressure-and-particles2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/gas-pressure-and-particles/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/absolute-zero-and-the-kelvin-scale2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/absolute-zero-and-the-kelvin-scale/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/temperature-and-particle-speed2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/temperature-and-particle-speed/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/pressure-and-temperature-of-a-gas2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/pressure-and-temperature-of-a-gas/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/pressure-and-volume-of-a-gas2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/pressure-and-volume-of-a-gas/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/magnets-and-magnetic-materials2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/magnets-and-magnetic-materials.jpgMagnets and magnetic materials | IGCSE PhysicsMagnets have north and south poles, and only some materials are attracted to them. Knowing how poles interact and how induced magnetism works helps you identify magnets and explain how they attract magnetic materials.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/magnets-and-magnetic-materials.mp4333yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/magnets-and-magnetic-materials/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/hard-and-soft-magnetic-materials2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/hard-and-soft-magnetic-materials.jpgMagnetically hard and soft materials | IGCSE PhysicsMagnetically hard and soft materials differ in how easily they magnetise and whether they keep their magnetism. This helps you choose the right material for permanent magnets, electromagnets and transformer cores.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/hard-and-soft-magnetic-materials.mp4294yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/hard-and-soft-magnetic-materials/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/magnetic-field-lines2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/magnetic-field-lines.jpgMagnetic fields and field lines | IGCSE PhysicsA magnetic field is the region around a magnet where a magnetic material feels a force. Field lines show the direction and strength of the field, and help you describe how magnets interact.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/magnetic-field-lines.mp4338yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/magnetic-field-lines/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/uniform-magnetic-fields2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/uniform-magnetic-fields.jpgMaking a uniform magnetic field | IGCSE PhysicsA uniform magnetic field has the same strength and direction throughout a region. You can produce one in the middle of a narrow gap between two flat magnets, which is useful in motors and experiments.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/uniform-magnetic-fields.mp4312yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/uniform-magnetic-fields/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/magnetic-field-of-a-current2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/magnetic-field-of-a-current.jpgThe magnetic field around a wire | IGCSE PhysicsA current in a straight wire produces a magnetic field made of circles centred on the wire. The right-hand grip rule gives the field direction, while the circle spacing shows its strength.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/magnetic-field-of-a-current.mp4320yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/magnetic-field-of-a-current/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/coils-solenoids-and-electromagnets2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/coils-solenoids-and-electromagnets/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/force-on-a-moving-charge2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/force-on-a-moving-charge/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/the-motor-effect2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/the-motor-effect.jpgThe motor effect | IGCSE PhysicsThe motor effect is the force on a wire carrying a current in a magnetic field. It happens because the magnetic field made by the current interacts with the magnet’s field.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/the-motor-effect.mp4295yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/the-motor-effect/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/the-left-hand-rule2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/the-left-hand-rule.jpgFleming's left-hand rule | IGCSE PhysicsFleming’s left-hand rule lets you work out the direction of the force on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field. It is useful for predicting which way the wire moves, including when diagrams use dots and crosses.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/the-left-hand-rule.mp4280yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/the-left-hand-rule/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/the-dc-motor2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/the-dc-motor.jpgThe simple d.c. electric motor | IGCSE PhysicsA simple d.c. motor uses forces on a current-carrying coil in a magnetic field to make it turn. The split-ring commutator reverses the current every half turn, keeping the coil turning in the same direction.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/the-dc-motor.mp4294yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/the-dc-motor/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/the-loudspeaker2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/the-loudspeaker.jpgThe loudspeaker | IGCSE PhysicsA moving-coil loudspeaker uses the motor effect to turn an alternating current into vibrations in the air. The current’s frequency sets the pitch, while its size sets the loudness.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/the-loudspeaker.mp4290yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/the-loudspeaker/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/electromagnetic-induction2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/electromagnetic-induction.jpgElectromagnetic induction | IGCSE PhysicsElectromagnetic induction is the production of a voltage when a conductor moves through a magnetic field or the magnetic field through it changes. It explains how a current can be produced without a battery, and what affects the size and direction of the induced voltage.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/electromagnetic-induction.mp4316yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/electromagnetic-induction/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/generators2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/generators/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/transformers2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/transformers/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/the-transformer-equation2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/the-transformer-equation/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/transmitting-electricity2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/transmitting-electricity/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/structure-of-the-atom2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/structure-of-the-atom.jpgThe structure of the atom | IGCSE PhysicsAtoms have a tiny nucleus containing protons and neutrons, with negatively charged electrons orbiting far away. Knowing their charges and masses helps you explain why atoms are neutral and read nuclear notation.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/structure-of-the-atom.mp4324yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/structure-of-the-atom/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/isotopes2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/isotopes.jpgAtomic number, mass number and isotopes | IGCSE PhysicsAtomic number tells you how many protons an atom has, while mass number counts its protons and neutrons. These numbers let you find the neutron count and explain why isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/isotopes.mp4308yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/isotopes/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/alpha-beta-and-gamma2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/alpha-beta-and-gamma.jpgAlpha, beta and gamma radiation | IGCSE PhysicsUnstable nuclei emit alpha, beta or gamma radiation at random. The three types differ in what they are, how strongly they ionise atoms and how far they penetrate.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/alpha-beta-and-gamma.mp4323yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/alpha-beta-and-gamma/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/investigating-penetrating-power2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/investigating-penetrating-power.jpgPractical: investigating the penetrating power of radiation | IGCSE PhysicsYou can identify radiation by measuring how different absorbers change the count from a radioactive source. Correct for background radiation and keep the method consistent so the results are useful and safe.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/investigating-penetrating-power.mp4327yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/investigating-penetrating-power/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/nuclear-equations2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/nuclear-equations.jpgNuclear equations and decay | IGCSE PhysicsNuclear equations show how a nucleus changes when it emits radiation. Balancing the mass numbers and atomic numbers lets you identify the new nucleus and the element it forms.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/nuclear-equations.mp4320yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/nuclear-equations/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/detecting-radiation-and-background-radiation2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/detecting-radiation-and-background-radiation/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/activity-and-half-life2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/activity-and-half-life.jpgActivity and half-life | IGCSE PhysicsActivity is the rate at which unstable nuclei decay, measured in becquerels. Half-life describes how long it takes for activity to halve, so it helps explain how quickly a radioactive source changes over time.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/activity-and-half-life.mp4325yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/activity-and-half-life/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/half-life-calculations2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/half-life-calculations.jpgHalf-life calculations | IGCSE PhysicsHalf-life is the time taken for the activity or number of unstable nuclei in a sample to halve. You can use repeated halving to calculate what remains, find a half-life, or correct a count for background radiation.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/half-life-calculations.mp4350yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/half-life-calculations/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/half-life-from-a-graph2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/half-life-from-a-graph.jpgFinding half-life from a decay graph | IGCSE PhysicsA decay graph shows how count rate falls over time, so you can find the half-life by comparing a count rate with half its value. You must use the time between the readings, and account for background count rate where it is present.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/half-life-from-a-graph.mp4336yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/half-life-from-a-graph/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/radioactivity-in-medicine2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/radioactivity-in-medicine.jpgUses of radioactivity in medicine | IGCSE PhysicsRadioactivity is used in medicine for tracers, radiotherapy and sterilising equipment. The radiation type and half-life are chosen to make each use effective while limiting unwanted exposure.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/radioactivity-in-medicine.mp4322yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/radioactivity-in-medicine/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/radioactivity-in-industry2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/radioactivity-in-industry.jpgUses of radioactivity in industry | IGCSE PhysicsRadioactive sources are used to control thickness, find leaks, detect smoke, irradiate food and date old remains. The radiation is chosen for how easily it passes through materials and how strongly it ionises them.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/radioactivity-in-industry.mp4322yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/radioactivity-in-industry/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/contamination-and-irradiation2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/contamination-and-irradiation.jpgContamination and irradiation | IGCSE PhysicsIrradiation is exposure to radiation from a source outside an object. Contamination is when radioactive material gets onto or into it, so knowing the difference helps you explain when an object or person remains at risk.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/contamination-and-irradiation.mp4322yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/contamination-and-irradiation/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/dangers-of-ionising-radiation2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/dangers-of-ionising-radiation.jpgDangers of ionising radiation and radioactive waste | IGCSE PhysicsIonising radiation can damage cells and DNA, increasing the risk of cancer, while a large dose can kill cells and damage tissue. Workers reduce their exposure, and radioactive waste is contained, stored and monitored to reduce its risks.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/dangers-of-ionising-radiation.mp4351yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/dangers-of-ionising-radiation/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/nuclear-fission2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/nuclear-fission.jpgNuclear fission | IGCSE PhysicsNuclear fission is the splitting of a large nucleus, such as uranium-235, after it absorbs a slow neutron. It releases energy as the kinetic energy of the products, so understanding the products and describing the process accurately are important.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/nuclear-fission.mp4329yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/nuclear-fission/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/chain-reactions2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/chain-reactions.jpgChain reactions | IGCSE PhysicsA chain reaction happens when neutrons released by one fission cause more uranium-235 nuclei to split. Whether the number of fissions grows or stays steady determines whether the reaction is uncontrolled or controlled.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/chain-reactions.mp4303yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/chain-reactions/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/the-nuclear-reactor2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/the-nuclear-reactor.jpgInside a nuclear reactor | IGCSE PhysicsA nuclear reactor uses controlled fission to release energy steadily. Its parts keep the chain reaction at a suitable rate, transfer thermal energy and absorb harmful radiation.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/the-nuclear-reactor.mp4319yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/the-nuclear-reactor/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/nuclear-fusion2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/nuclear-fusion.jpgNuclear fusion | IGCSE PhysicsNuclear fusion is when two light nuclei join to make a heavier nucleus. Some mass is lost and released as energy, which is why fusion powers stars.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/nuclear-fusion.mp4326yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/nuclear-fusion/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/why-fusion-is-difficult2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/why-fusion-is-difficult.jpgWhy fusion needs very high temperatures and pressures | IGCSE PhysicsFusion happens when two nuclei get close enough to join. Their positive charges make them repel, so very high temperature and pressure are needed to make fusion occur often enough.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/why-fusion-is-difficult.mp4299yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/why-fusion-is-difficult/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/the-universe-galaxies-and-the-solar-system2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/the-universe-galaxies-and-the-solar-system.jpgThe universe, galaxies and our solar system | IGCSE PhysicsThe universe contains galaxies, and galaxies contain stars and their orbiting objects. Knowing how the solar system fits into this order, and which units describe motion in space, helps you answer astronomy questions.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/the-universe-galaxies-and-the-solar-system.mp4319yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/the-universe-galaxies-and-the-solar-system/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/gravitational-field-strength2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/gravitational-field-strength.jpgGravitational field strength on other planets | IGCSE PhysicsGravitational field strength, g, tells you how strongly gravity pulls on each kilogram of mass. It differs between worlds, so weight changes, but mass stays the same.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/gravitational-field-strength.mp4388yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/gravitational-field-strength/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/orbits2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/orbits.jpgOrbits of moons, planets, satellites and comets | IGCSE PhysicsOrbits are curved paths caused by gravitational force pulling an object towards a larger body. Knowing what each object orbits, and how comet orbits differ from planet orbits, helps you describe and draw them accurately.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/orbits.mp4344yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/orbits/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/orbital-speed2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/orbital-speed.jpgOrbital speed | IGCSE PhysicsOrbital speed is the distance travelled in one complete orbit divided by the time taken. The distance is the orbit's circumference, so you use 2πr and convert the period into seconds before calculating.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/orbital-speed.mp4394yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/orbital-speed/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/star-colour-and-temperature2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/star-colour-and-temperature.jpgClassifying stars by colour | IGCSE PhysicsStars are classified by colour because their colour depends on their surface temperature. The order from coolest to hottest is red, orange, yellow, white, blue.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/star-colour-and-temperature.mp4290yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/star-colour-and-temperature/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/life-cycle-of-a-sun-like-star2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/life-cycle-of-a-sun-like-star.jpgThe life cycle of a star like the Sun | IGCSE PhysicsA star with a similar mass to the Sun passes through five stages, from a nebula to a white dwarf. During the main sequence, inward gravity balances outward pressure from fusion, keeping the star stable for billions of years.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/life-cycle-of-a-sun-like-star.mp4318yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/life-cycle-of-a-sun-like-star/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/life-cycle-of-a-massive-star2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/life-cycle-of-a-massive-star.jpgThe life cycle of a massive star | IGCSE PhysicsA massive star forms from a nebula and later explodes as a supernova. Its mass determines whether the core left behind becomes a neutron star or a black hole.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/life-cycle-of-a-massive-star.mp4267yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/life-cycle-of-a-massive-star/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/absolute-magnitude2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/absolute-magnitude.jpgBrightness and absolute magnitude | IGCSE PhysicsHow bright a star looks from Earth depends on both the light it gives out and its distance. Absolute magnitude allows stars to be compared fairly by saying how bright they would look at a standard distance.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/absolute-magnitude.mp4321yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/absolute-magnitude/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/the-hertzsprung-russell-diagram2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/the-hertzsprung-russell-diagram.jpgThe Hertzsprung-Russell diagram | IGCSE PhysicsThe Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagram groups stars by their absolute magnitude and surface temperature. Knowing its reversed axes and where the main star groups lie helps you read and draw the diagram, and follow a star’s path.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/the-hertzsprung-russell-diagram.mp4354yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/the-hertzsprung-russell-diagram/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/the-big-bang2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/the-big-bang.jpgThe Big Bang theory | IGCSE PhysicsThe Big Bang theory describes how the universe began in an extremely small, hot and dense state, then expanded and cooled. Its history and evidence help explain how the universe has changed over time.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/the-big-bang.mp4315yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/the-big-bang/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/red-shift2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/red-shift.jpgRed-shift | IGCSE PhysicsThe Doppler effect changes the wavelength and frequency measured from a moving wave source. Red-shift is the movement of light towards the red end of the spectrum, and it shows that a galaxy is moving away.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/red-shift.mp4305yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/red-shift/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/the-red-shift-equation2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/the-red-shift-equation.jpgCalculating the speed of a galaxy | IGCSE PhysicsA galaxy’s speed can be calculated from how much a known spectral line shifts to a longer wavelength. The red-shift equation links this change to the speed of light.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/the-red-shift-equation.mp4356yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/the-red-shift-equation/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/evidence-for-the-big-bang2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/evidence-for-the-big-bang.jpgEvidence for the Big Bang | IGCSE PhysicsRed-shift and cosmic microwave background radiation provide evidence that the universe began in a hot, dense state and has been expanding. Each observation must be linked to what it shows about the Big Bang.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/evidence-for-the-big-bang.mp4346yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/evidence-for-the-big-bang/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/units-prefixes-and-standard-form2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/units-prefixes-and-standard-form.jpgUnits, prefixes and standard form | IGCSE PhysicsPrefixes change the size of a unit, while standard form makes very large or very small numbers easier to write. Convert quantities into the required units before substituting them into a physics equation.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/units-prefixes-and-standard-form.mp4386yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/units-prefixes-and-standard-form/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/using-equations-in-physics2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/using-equations-in-physics.jpgUsing equations: substitute, rearrange, evaluate | IGCSE PhysicsPhysics calculations follow five steps: choose the equation, substitute values, rearrange, evaluate and give the unit. Setting out each step clearly helps you earn marks, even if a later step is wrong.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/using-equations-in-physics.mp4350yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/using-equations-in-physics/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/significant-figures-and-rounding2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/significant-figures-and-rounding.jpgSignificant figures and rounding | IGCSE PhysicsSignificant figures show how precisely a measurement is known. Use them to report answers at a sensible precision, and round only at the end of a calculation.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/significant-figures-and-rounding.mp4334yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/significant-figures-and-rounding/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/plotting-graphs2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/plotting-graphs.jpgPlotting a graph and drawing a line of best fit | IGCSE PhysicsA well-plotted graph uses suitable axes and a clear scale, accurate points, and one line of best fit. These choices help you show the pattern in results and decide whether two quantities are directly proportional.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/plotting-graphs.mp4345yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/plotting-graphs/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/gradients-tangents-and-areas2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/gradients-tangents-and-areas.jpgGradients, tangents and areas under graphs | IGCSE PhysicsA graph’s gradient and area can represent useful physics quantities. You need to calculate them with the right method and units, then use the graph type to decide what they mean.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/gradients-tangents-and-areas.mp4350yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/gradients-tangents-and-areas/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/planning-an-investigation2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/planning-an-investigation/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/accuracy-precision-and-errors2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/accuracy-precision-and-errors/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/command-words-in-physics2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/command-words-in-physics.jpgCommand words: what each question wants | IGCSE PhysicsA command word tells you what kind of answer the question needs. Matching your answer to it helps you gain marks without adding unnecessary words.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/command-words-in-physics.mp4422yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/command-words-in-physics/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/six-mark-questions2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/six-mark-questions.jpgAnswering 5 and 6 mark extended questions | IGCSE PhysicsExtended physics answers earn marks for correct points that address the question and its named situation. Plan key words first, then write them in a sensible order as linked sentences.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/six-mark-questions.mp4354yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/six-mark-questions/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/calculation-questions2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/calculation-questions.jpgGetting every mark in a calculation | IGCSE PhysicsShow each stage of a physics calculation so you can earn method marks even if your final answer is wrong. Convert units, use earlier answers carefully, and show how you read values from graphs.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/calculation-questions.mp4358yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/calculation-questions/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/describing-a-practical-method2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/phys/describing-a-practical-method.jpgDescribing a practical method for full marks | IGCSE PhysicsA full practical method names the apparatus, says exactly what you change and measure, and explains how you use the readings. Clear steps, a suitable range and relevant safety details help you earn method marks.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/phys/describing-a-practical-method.mp4371yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-physics/describing-a-practical-method/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/past-papers2026-10-15 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/the-hydrological-cycle-and-its-stores2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/the-hydrological-cycle-and-its-stores.jpgThe hydrological cycle: a closed system and its stores | IGCSE GeographyThe hydrological cycle is the movement of water between the sea, air and land. It is a closed system, and understanding its stores and transfers helps you describe how water moves around Earth.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/the-hydrological-cycle-and-its-stores.mp4356yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/the-hydrological-cycle-and-its-stores/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/transfers-in-the-hydrological-cycle2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/transfers-in-the-hydrological-cycle.jpgTransfers in the hydrological cycle | IGCSE GeographyA transfer is the movement of water from one store to another in the hydrological cycle. Knowing the route water takes, and how each transfer works, helps you explain how it moves from the sea to the land and back again.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/transfers-in-the-hydrological-cycle.mp4363yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/transfers-in-the-hydrological-cycle/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/drainage-basins2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/drainage-basins.jpgDrainage basins and their features | IGCSE GeographyA drainage basin is the area of land drained by a river and its tributaries. Knowing its features and how water enters and leaves helps you explain why it is an open system.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/drainage-basins.mp4317yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/drainage-basins/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/river-regimes2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/river-regimes.jpgRiver regimes and what controls them | IGCSE GeographyA river regime is the pattern of a river’s discharge over a year. Understanding how to calculate and describe discharge helps you explain how physical and human factors make river flow rise and fall.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/river-regimes.mp4394yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/river-regimes/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/storm-hydrographs2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/storm-hydrographs.jpgStorm hydrographs | IGCSE GeographyA storm hydrograph shows rainfall during a storm and how river discharge responds afterwards. Reading its parts and lag time helps explain why some rivers rise quickly and are more likely to flood.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/storm-hydrographs.mp4420yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/storm-hydrographs/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/river-erosion2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/river-erosion/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/weathering-and-mass-movement-in-river-valleys2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/weathering-and-mass-movement-in-river-valleys/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/river-transport-and-deposition2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/river-transport-and-deposition/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/long-and-cross-profiles2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/long-and-cross-profiles/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/how-a-river-changes-downstream2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/how-a-river-changes-downstream/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/v-shaped-valleys-and-interlocking-spurs2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/v-shaped-valleys-and-interlocking-spurs/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/meanders-and-oxbow-lakes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/meanders-and-oxbow-lakes/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/flood-plains-and-levees2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/flood-plains-and-levees/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/the-river-tay-from-source-to-mouth2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/the-river-tay-from-source-to-mouth/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/water-uses-demand-and-supply2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/water-uses-demand-and-supply/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/water-quality-and-pollution2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/water-quality-and-pollution/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/storing-and-supplying-clean-water2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/storing-and-supplying-clean-water/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/river-management-in-spain2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/river-management-in-spain/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/river-management-in-china2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/river-management-in-china/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/managing-the-blue-nile-in-ethiopia2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/managing-the-blue-nile-in-ethiopia/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/causes-of-river-flooding2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/causes-of-river-flooding/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/predicting-and-preventing-river-floods2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/predicting-and-preventing-river-floods/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/river-fieldwork-collecting-the-data2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/river-fieldwork-collecting-the-data/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/river-fieldwork-results-and-evaluation2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/river-fieldwork-results-and-evaluation/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/waves-and-coastal-erosion2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/waves-and-coastal-erosion.jpgWaves and coastal erosion | IGCSE GeographyWaves form as wind transfers energy to the sea, then change as they reach shallow water. Their swash and backwash affect beaches, while destructive waves wear away the coast through four processes of marine erosion.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/waves-and-coastal-erosion.mp4407yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/waves-and-coastal-erosion/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/coastal-transport-and-deposition2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/coastal-transport-and-deposition.jpgLongshore drift and coastal deposition | IGCSE GeographyThe sea transports its load in four ways, while longshore drift moves material along the coast in a zigzag. Deposition happens when waves lose energy and can no longer carry as much material.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/coastal-transport-and-deposition.mp4331yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/coastal-transport-and-deposition/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/coastal-weathering-and-mass-movement2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/coastal-weathering-and-mass-movement.jpgWeathering and mass movement on the coast | IGCSE GeographyWeathering, erosion and mass movement are different processes that shape coastal cliffs. Knowing what causes each process helps explain how cliffs weaken and retreat.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/coastal-weathering-and-mass-movement.mp4413yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/coastal-weathering-and-mass-movement/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/headlands-bays-cliffs-and-wave-cut-platforms2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/headlands-bays-cliffs-and-wave-cut-platforms.jpgHeadlands, bays, cliffs and wave-cut platforms | IGCSE GeographyHeadlands and bays form because different rocks erode at different speeds. Waves also cut into the base of cliffs, causing them to retreat and leaving a flat wave-cut platform.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/headlands-bays-cliffs-and-wave-cut-platforms.mp4337yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/headlands-bays-cliffs-and-wave-cut-platforms/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/caves-arches-stacks-and-stumps2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/caves-arches-stacks-and-stumps.jpgCaves, arches, stacks and stumps | IGCSE GeographyCaves, arches, stacks and stumps form in a set order as waves erode weaknesses in hard-rock headlands. Knowing the sequence and the processes at each stage helps you explain coastal landforms and use real examples.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/caves-arches-stacks-and-stumps.mp4347yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/caves-arches-stacks-and-stumps/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/beaches-spits-and-bars2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/beaches-spits-and-bars/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/geology-and-the-shape-of-the-coast2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/geology-and-the-shape-of-the-coast/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/vegetation-people-and-sea-level-change2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/vegetation-people-and-sea-level-change/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/coral-reefs-and-mangroves2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/coral-reefs-and-mangroves/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/sand-dunes-and-salt-marshes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/sand-dunes-and-salt-marshes/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/the-sundarbans-mangrove-ecosystem2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/the-sundarbans-mangrove-ecosystem/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/threats-to-coastal-ecosystems2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/threats-to-coastal-ecosystems/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/managing-the-sundarbans-mangrove2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/managing-the-sundarbans-mangrove/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/coastal-conflicts2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/coastal-conflicts/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/causes-of-coastal-flooding2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/causes-of-coastal-flooding/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/predicting-and-preventing-coastal-flooding2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/predicting-and-preventing-coastal-flooding/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/hard-engineering-at-the-coast2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/hard-engineering-at-the-coast/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/soft-engineering-and-shoreline-management-plans2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/soft-engineering-and-shoreline-management-plans/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/coastal-management-in-the-gambia2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/coastal-management-in-the-gambia/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/coastal-management-in-sri-lanka2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/coastal-management-in-sri-lanka/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/coastal-management-in-the-uk2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/coastal-management-in-the-uk/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/coastal-fieldwork-collecting-the-data2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/coastal-fieldwork-collecting-the-data/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/coastal-fieldwork-results-and-evaluation2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/coastal-fieldwork-results-and-evaluation/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/types-of-natural-hazard2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/types-of-natural-hazard.jpgNatural hazards: types and where they happen | IGCSE GeographyA natural hazard is an event that could harm people or damage property. Hazards can be classified by what causes them, and their global patterns can be described using locations and exceptions.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/types-of-natural-hazard.mp4466yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/types-of-natural-hazard/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/how-tropical-cyclones-form2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/how-tropical-cyclones-form.jpgHow tropical cyclones form | IGCSE GeographyTropical cyclones form when four conditions allow warm, moist air to rise and spin over the ocean. They weaken over land or cooler water because their supply of heat and moisture is cut off.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/how-tropical-cyclones-form.mp4461yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/how-tropical-cyclones-form/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/plate-boundaries2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/plate-boundaries.jpgPlates and plate boundaries | IGCSE GeographyThe Earth's plates move slowly because of convection currents in the mantle. Knowing how plates move at each boundary helps you explain the landforms and hazards found there.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/plate-boundaries.mp4443yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/plate-boundaries/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/why-earthquakes-happen2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/why-earthquakes-happen.jpgWhy earthquakes happen | IGCSE GeographyEarthquakes happen when friction locks moving plates, pressure builds in the rock and the rock suddenly snaps, releasing energy as seismic waves. Knowing where the earthquake starts and which hazards follow helps you explain why some earthquakes cause more damage than others.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/why-earthquakes-happen.mp4417yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/why-earthquakes-happen/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/volcanoes-and-hotspots2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/volcanoes-and-hotspots.jpgVolcanoes and hotspots | IGCSE GeographyVolcanoes form where magma reaches the surface at constructive and destructive plate boundaries, and above hotspots within plates. Their eruption style and shape depend on the lava, while eruptions can create several hazards.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/volcanoes-and-hotspots.mp4437yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/volcanoes-and-hotspots/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/measuring-natural-hazards2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/measuring-natural-hazards/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/why-some-countries-are-more-vulnerable2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/why-some-countries-are-more-vulnerable/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/the-nepal-earthquake-20152026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/the-nepal-earthquake-2015/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/the-central-italy-earthquakes-20162026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/the-central-italy-earthquakes-2016/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/mount-merapi-and-mount-ontake2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/mount-merapi-and-mount-ontake/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/why-people-live-in-hazardous-areas2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/why-people-live-in-hazardous-areas/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/hurricane-katrina2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/hurricane-katrina/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/typhoon-haiyan2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/typhoon-haiyan/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/preparing-for-earthquakes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/preparing-for-earthquakes/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/earthquake-resistant-buildings2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/earthquake-resistant-buildings/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/short-term-responses-to-earthquakes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/short-term-responses-to-earthquakes/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/long-term-planning-after-earthquakes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/long-term-planning-after-earthquakes/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/managing-the-nepal-earthquake2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/managing-the-nepal-earthquake/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/managing-the-central-italy-earthquakes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/managing-the-central-italy-earthquakes/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/preparing-for-earthquakes-in-india2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/preparing-for-earthquakes-in-india/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/hazard-fieldwork-collecting-the-data2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/hazard-fieldwork-collecting-the-data/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/hazard-fieldwork-results-and-evaluation2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/hazard-fieldwork-results-and-evaluation/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/economic-sectors2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/economic-sectors.jpgThe four economic sectors | IGCSE GeographyEconomic activity is divided into four sectors according to the type of work being done. Knowing the difference helps you classify jobs and understand employment structure without confusing it with a country's output.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/economic-sectors.mp4378yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/economic-sectors/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/employment-structure-and-the-clark-fisher-model2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/employment-structure-and-the-clark-fisher-model.jpgEmployment structure and the Clark Fisher model | IGCSE GeographyThe Clark Fisher model shows how the share of workers in primary, secondary and tertiary work tends to change as a country develops. It helps you describe employment patterns and explain why they change, while recognising that countries do not all follow the same path.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/employment-structure-and-the-clark-fisher-model.mp4448yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/employment-structure-and-the-clark-fisher-model/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/triangular-graphs2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/triangular-graphs.jpgReading and plotting triangular graphs | IGCSE GeographyA triangular graph shows three percentages that add up to 100, such as the shares of workers in different sectors. You can use it to read or plot values and compare how developed countries are.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/triangular-graphs.mp4376yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/triangular-graphs/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/locating-primary-and-secondary-industry2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/locating-primary-and-secondary-industry.jpgWhere primary and secondary activity locates | IGCSE GeographyPrimary activities take natural resources from the places where they occur, while factories can choose a site. Understanding how location factors affect costs helps explain where factories are built and why their locations have changed.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/locating-primary-and-secondary-industry.mp4409yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/locating-primary-and-secondary-industry/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/locating-tertiary-and-quaternary-activity2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/locating-tertiary-and-quaternary-activity.jpgWhere tertiary and quaternary activity locates | IGCSE GeographyTertiary services locate where customers can reach them, while quaternary firms seek skilled workers, good connections and fast broadband. The internet has changed where both types of activity can operate, but location still matters.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/locating-tertiary-and-quaternary-activity.mp4408yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/locating-tertiary-and-quaternary-activity/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/why-employment-sectors-change2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/why-employment-sectors-change/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/sector-shift-in-ethiopia2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/sector-shift-in-ethiopia/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/sector-shift-in-china2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/sector-shift-in-china/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/sector-shift-in-the-uk2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/sector-shift-in-the-uk/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/informal-employment2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/informal-employment/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/informal-employment-in-dhaka2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/informal-employment-in-dhaka/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/malthus-and-boserup2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/malthus-and-boserup/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/rising-energy-demand2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/rising-energy-demand/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/the-energy-gap-and-energy-security2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/the-energy-gap-and-energy-security/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/non-renewable-energy2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/non-renewable-energy/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/renewable-energy2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/renewable-energy/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/managing-energy-sustainably2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/managing-energy-sustainably/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/carbon-and-ecological-footprints2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/carbon-and-ecological-footprints/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/energy-management-in-qatar2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/energy-management-in-qatar/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/energy-management-in-india2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/energy-management-in-india/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/energy-management-in-nepal2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/energy-management-in-nepal/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/energy-fieldwork-collecting-the-data2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/energy-fieldwork-collecting-the-data/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/energy-fieldwork-results-and-evaluation2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/energy-fieldwork-results-and-evaluation/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/biomes-and-where-they-are2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/biomes-and-where-they-are.jpgBiomes and what controls them | IGCSE GeographyA biome is a very large ecosystem with its own climate and vegetation. Biomes form broad bands because latitude affects temperature and rainfall, while local factors can change the pattern.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/biomes-and-where-they-are.mp4402yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/biomes-and-where-they-are/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/forest-biomes2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/forest-biomes.jpgThe forest biomes | IGCSE GeographyForest biomes differ in climate, vegetation and how their plants survive. Comparing tropical rainforest, temperate forest and boreal forest helps you link each biome’s conditions to its tree adaptations.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/forest-biomes.mp4455yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/forest-biomes/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/grassland-desert-and-tundra-biomes2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/grassland-desert-and-tundra-biomes.jpgGrasslands, deserts and tundra | IGCSE GeographyGrasslands, deserts and tundra form where conditions are too dry or too cold for forests. Comparing their climates, ground and plants helps explain how vegetation survives in each biome.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/grassland-desert-and-tundra-biomes.mp4412yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/grassland-desert-and-tundra-biomes/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/ecosystem-goods-and-services2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/ecosystem-goods-and-services.jpgThe goods and services ecosystems give us | IGCSE GeographyPeople depend on ecosystems for goods that are taken out and used, and services that ecosystems provide while left in place. Knowing the difference helps explain why taking too many goods can damage the services people rely on.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/ecosystem-goods-and-services.mp4391yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/ecosystem-goods-and-services/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/farming-systems2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/farming-systems.jpgFarming systems | IGCSE GeographyA farm is a system of inputs, processes and outputs. Farms can also be classified by what they produce, who they produce for and how much is put into each hectare. These ideas help explain how farming affects ecosystems.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/farming-systems.mp4469yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/farming-systems/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/farming-and-the-brazilian-rainforest2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/farming-and-the-brazilian-rainforest/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/characteristics-of-rural-environments2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/characteristics-of-rural-environments/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/rural-decline-in-the-uk2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/rural-decline-in-the-uk/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/rural-pressure-in-the-uk2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/rural-pressure-in-the-uk/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/rural-change-in-china2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/rural-change-in-china/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/rural-change-in-kenya2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/rural-change-in-kenya/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/reading-population-pyramids2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/reading-population-pyramids/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/farm-diversification2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/farm-diversification/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/farm-diversification-in-the-uk2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/farm-diversification-in-the-uk/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/making-rural-living-sustainable2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/making-rural-living-sustainable/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/sustainable-rural-living-in-china2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/sustainable-rural-living-in-china/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/sustainable-rural-living-in-kenya2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/sustainable-rural-living-in-kenya/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/who-manages-rural-challenges2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/who-manages-rural-challenges/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/rural-fieldwork-collecting-the-data2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/rural-fieldwork-collecting-the-data/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/rural-fieldwork-results-and-evaluation2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/rural-fieldwork-results-and-evaluation/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/urbanisation-around-the-world2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/urbanisation-around-the-world.jpgUrbanisation around the world | IGCSE GeographyUrbanisation is the rise in the proportion of people living in towns and cities. Its rate varies between world regions, and map descriptions should use place names and figures without giving reasons.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/urbanisation-around-the-world.mp4420yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/urbanisation-around-the-world/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/suburbanisation-and-counter-urbanisation2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/suburbanisation-and-counter-urbanisation.jpgSuburbanisation and counter-urbanisation | IGCSE GeographySuburbanisation moves people from a city centre to its edge, while counter-urbanisation moves people out of cities to small towns and rural areas. Their causes and effects help explain how cities and the countryside change over time.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/suburbanisation-and-counter-urbanisation.mp4423yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/suburbanisation-and-counter-urbanisation/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/what-drives-urbanisation2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/what-drives-urbanisation.jpgWhat drives urbanisation | IGCSE GeographyThe rate of urbanisation is how quickly the proportion of people living in towns and cities rises. It depends on rural-urban migration and natural increase, with economic development helping to drive both.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/what-drives-urbanisation.mp4421yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/what-drives-urbanisation/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/megacities2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/megacities.jpgThe rise of megacities | IGCSE GeographyA megacity is a city with 10 million people or more. Knowing how their number and location have changed, and what causes cities to grow, helps you answer questions about urban growth.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/megacities.mp4447yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/megacities/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/problems-of-rapid-urbanisation2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/problems-of-rapid-urbanisation.jpgThe problems of rapid urbanisation | IGCSE GeographyRapid urbanisation happens when a city’s population grows faster than its homes, jobs and services can keep up. This creates problems for people and the environment, so explain each problem by linking its cause to its effect.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/problems-of-rapid-urbanisation.mp4436yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/problems-of-rapid-urbanisation/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/urban-land-use-zones2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/urban-land-use-zones/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/land-values-and-accessibility2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/land-values-and-accessibility/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/urban-challenges-in-developed-cities2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/urban-challenges-in-developed-cities/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/urban-challenges-in-hong-kong2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/urban-challenges-in-hong-kong/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/squatter-settlements2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/squatter-settlements/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/informal-economy-pollution-and-quality-of-life2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/informal-economy-pollution-and-quality-of-life/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/the-rural-urban-fringe2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/the-rural-urban-fringe/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/greenfield-versus-brownfield2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/greenfield-versus-brownfield/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/sustainable-urban-living2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/sustainable-urban-living/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/masdar-city2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/masdar-city/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/curitiba2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/curitiba/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/who-manages-urban-challenges2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/who-manages-urban-challenges/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/urban-fieldwork-collecting-the-data2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/urban-fieldwork-collecting-the-data/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/urban-fieldwork-results-and-evaluation2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/urban-fieldwork-results-and-evaluation/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/fragile-environments2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/fragile-environments.jpgFragile environments | IGCSE GeographyA fragile environment is easily damaged and slow to recover. Knowing where fragile environments are and why they are vulnerable helps you describe their distribution and explain their risks.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/fragile-environments.mp4412yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/fragile-environments/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/causes-of-desertification2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/causes-of-desertification.jpgWhat causes desertification | IGCSE GeographyDesertification is the degradation of land in dry areas until it loses its vegetation and fertile soil. It is caused by climate and human activity, which remove plant cover and allow erosion to damage the land.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/causes-of-desertification.mp4390yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/causes-of-desertification/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/desertification-in-the-sahel2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/desertification-in-the-sahel.jpgCase study: desertification of the Sahel | IGCSE GeographyThe Sahel is a semi-arid belt south of the Sahara where drought and human pressure on the land have caused desertification. Knowing its causes, impacts and key figures helps you explain this case study.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/desertification-in-the-sahel.mp4387yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/desertification-in-the-sahel/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/causes-of-deforestation2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/causes-of-deforestation.jpgWhat causes deforestation | IGCSE GeographyDeforestation is the permanent clearing of forest so the land can be used for something else. Knowing its causes and the way roads shape its pattern helps you explain deforestation in the Amazon.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/causes-of-deforestation.mp4351yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/causes-of-deforestation/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/natural-causes-of-climate-change2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/natural-causes-of-climate-change.jpgNatural causes of climate change | IGCSE GeographyNatural climate change can be caused by Milankovitch cycles, changes in the Sun’s energy output and volcanic eruptions. These natural causes do not explain the Earth’s warming since the 1950s.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/natural-causes-of-climate-change.mp4357yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/natural-causes-of-climate-change/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/the-enhanced-greenhouse-effect2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/the-enhanced-greenhouse-effect/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/impacts-of-desertification2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/impacts-of-desertification/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/impacts-of-deforestation2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/impacts-of-deforestation/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/climate-change-and-fragile-environments2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/climate-change-and-fragile-environments/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/climate-change-and-people2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/climate-change-and-people/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/technology-for-water-in-drylands2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/technology-for-water-in-drylands/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/managing-rainforests-sustainably2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/managing-rainforests-sustainably/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/conserving-brazils-rainforest2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/conserving-brazils-rainforest/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/responding-to-climate-change2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/responding-to-climate-change/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/climate-change-responses-in-the-uk2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/climate-change-responses-in-the-uk/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/climate-change-responses-in-china2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/climate-change-responses-in-china/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/climate-change-responses-in-the-solomon-islands2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/climate-change-responses-in-the-solomon-islands/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/globalisation-and-the-global-economy2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/globalisation-and-the-global-economy.jpgGlobalisation and the global economy | IGCSE GeographyGlobalisation links countries through trade, investment, migration and communication, making them more dependent on one another. World trade has grown, and production and commodity chains show how goods cross borders.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/globalisation-and-the-global-economy.mp4414yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/globalisation-and-the-global-economy/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/what-drives-globalisation2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/what-drives-globalisation.jpgWhat drives globalisation | IGCSE GeographyGlobalisation has grown because more goods, money, workers and information can move between countries. Six factors help explain this growth, and the strongest answers explain how each factor causes change and judge which matters most.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/what-drives-globalisation.mp4378yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/what-drives-globalisation/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/the-wto-and-the-imf2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/the-wto-and-the-imf.jpgThe WTO and the IMF | IGCSE GeographyThe WTO sets trade rules and the IMF lends to countries in crisis. Both can make economies more connected to world trade, but each has been criticised.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/the-wto-and-the-imf.mp4359yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/the-wto-and-the-imf/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/transnational-corporations2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/transnational-corporations.jpgTransnational corporations | IGCSE GeographyA transnational corporation (TNC) operates in more than one country, placing different parts of its business where they work best. TNCs link economies through trade, investment and production, but they depend on other factors such as transport and communication.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/transnational-corporations.mp4463yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/transnational-corporations/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/push-and-pull-factors2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/push-and-pull-factors.jpgWhy people migrate: push and pull | IGCSE GeographyMigration is the movement of people to live in another place. Push and pull factors explain why people leave one place and choose another, while flow maps show where people move and how many move.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/push-and-pull-factors.mp4381yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/push-and-pull-factors/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/types-of-migration2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/types-of-migration/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/winners-and-losers-of-globalisation2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/winners-and-losers-of-globalisation/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/tncs-and-their-host-countries2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/tncs-and-their-host-countries/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/impacts-of-migration2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/impacts-of-migration/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/six-migrations-compared2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/six-migrations-compared/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/the-growth-of-global-tourism2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/the-growth-of-global-tourism/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/mass-tourism-on-the-costa-blanca2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/mass-tourism-on-the-costa-blanca/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/geopolitics-trade-migration-and-tourism2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/geopolitics-trade-migration-and-tourism/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/managing-migration-in-the-uk2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/managing-migration-in-the-uk/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/sustainable-tourism2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/sustainable-tourism/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/sustainable-tourism-in-the-gambia-and-bhutan2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/sustainable-tourism-in-the-gambia-and-bhutan/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/sustainable-tourism-in-cyprus2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/sustainable-tourism-in-cyprus/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/defining-development-and-human-welfare2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/defining-development-and-human-welfare.jpgWhat development and human welfare mean | IGCSE GeographyDevelopment means change that improves people’s lives by giving them wider choices and opportunities. Human welfare is broader than income: it includes how healthy, educated, safe and free people are.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/defining-development-and-human-welfare.mp4359yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/defining-development-and-human-welfare/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/what-contributes-to-development2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/what-contributes-to-development.jpgWhat contributes to development | IGCSE GeographyDevelopment depends on economic, social, technological and cultural factors, as well as basic food and water security. These factors raise human welfare and depend on one another, so a problem in one area can hold back the others.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/what-contributes-to-development.mp4357yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/what-contributes-to-development/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/gdp-per-capita2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/gdp-per-capita.jpgMeasuring development: GDP per capita | IGCSE GeographyGDP per capita is a country’s total value of goods and services produced in a year, divided by its population. It is useful for comparing countries, but it is only an average and cannot show every part of people’s development.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/gdp-per-capita.mp4386yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/gdp-per-capita/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/the-human-development-index2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/the-human-development-index.jpgMeasuring development: the Human Development Index | IGCSE GeographyThe Human Development Index (HDI) combines health, education and income into one score to compare countries' development. Its bands give the exam labels developed, emerging and developing, while comparing HDI with income alone shows why no single measure tells the whole story.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/the-human-development-index.mp4429yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/the-human-development-index/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/measuring-inequality-and-corruption2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/measuring-inequality-and-corruption.jpgMeasuring inequality and corruption | IGCSE GeographyInequality measures how unevenly income is shared, while corruption measures how cleanly public power is used. These measures help describe human welfare and explain why corruption can slow development.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/measuring-inequality-and-corruption.mp4397yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/measuring-inequality-and-corruption/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/the-global-pattern-of-development2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/the-global-pattern-of-development/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/why-development-is-uneven2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/why-development-is-uneven/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/impacts-of-uneven-development2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/impacts-of-uneven-development/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/italy-a-divided-country2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/italy-a-divided-country/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/demographic-data-and-development2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/demographic-data-and-development/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/population-structure-and-development2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/population-structure-and-development/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/international-aid2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/international-aid/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/intergovernmental-agreements2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/intergovernmental-agreements/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/views-on-the-development-gap2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/views-on-the-development-gap/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/top-down-and-bottom-up-development2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/top-down-and-bottom-up-development/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/top-down-projects-in-nigeria-and-the-uk2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/top-down-projects-in-nigeria-and-the-uk/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/bottom-up-projects-in-kenya-and-south-africa2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/bottom-up-projects-in-kenya-and-south-africa/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/the-fieldwork-enquiry-and-its-question2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/the-fieldwork-enquiry-and-its-question.jpgThe fieldwork enquiry: question, context and hypothesis | IGCSE GeographyA fieldwork enquiry uses evidence to answer one question through seven stages. A clear, testable question and a hypothesis based on research help you plan useful fieldwork and answer exam questions accurately.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/the-fieldwork-enquiry-and-its-question.mp4495yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/the-fieldwork-enquiry-and-its-question/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/sampling-and-risk-assessment2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/sampling-and-risk-assessment.jpgSampling and risk assessment | IGCSE GeographySampling uses a small part of a whole area or population to represent it. A suitable sample and a clear risk assessment help make fieldwork results useful and safe.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/sampling-and-risk-assessment.mp4507yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/sampling-and-risk-assessment/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/collecting-primary-and-secondary-data2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/collecting-primary-and-secondary-data.jpgPrimary and secondary data, quantitative and qualitative | IGCSE GeographyFieldwork data has two separate labels: who collected it, and whether it is numbers or descriptions. Knowing these labels helps you choose data, explain methods and judge how good your results are.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/collecting-primary-and-secondary-data.mp4518yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/collecting-primary-and-secondary-data/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/presenting-fieldwork-data2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/presenting-fieldwork-data.jpgPresenting fieldwork data | IGCSE GeographyProcess fieldwork results before presenting them. The right graph, map or picture makes patterns clearer, while understanding its limits helps you interpret the data.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/presenting-fieldwork-data.mp4501yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/presenting-fieldwork-data/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/analysing-concluding-and-evaluating2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/analysing-concluding-and-evaluating.jpgAnalysis, conclusions and evaluation | IGCSE GeographyAnalysis explains what fieldwork results show. Conclusions test the hypothesis, while evaluation judges how far the evidence can be trusted and how the enquiry could be improved.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/analysing-concluding-and-evaluating.mp4511yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/analysing-concluding-and-evaluating/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/grid-references-scale-and-distance2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/grid-references-scale-and-distance.jpgGrid references, scale and distance | IGCSE GeographyGrid references locate squares and points, while a map scale lets you convert map measurements into real distances. You can also describe the direction between places and give global positions using latitude and longitude.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/grid-references-scale-and-distance.mp4449yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/grid-references-scale-and-distance/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/contours-relief-and-cross-sections2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/contours-relief-and-cross-sections.jpgContours, relief and cross-sections | IGCSE GeographyContours show the height and shape of the land, while a cross-section shows the land from the side along a line on a map. Reading these features helps you describe slopes and landforms, calculate gradient and interpret relief.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/contours-relief-and-cross-sections.mp4441yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/contours-relief-and-cross-sections/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/describing-patterns-on-maps2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/describing-patterns-on-maps.jpgDescribing distributions and patterns on maps | IGCSE GeographyMaps show the location and spread of data in different ways. To describe a distribution, use a general pattern, supporting areas and figures, and an exception, without giving reasons.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/describing-patterns-on-maps.mp4429yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/describing-patterns-on-maps/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/photographs-satellite-images-and-gis2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/photographs-satellite-images-and-gis.jpgPhotographs, satellite images and GIS | IGCSE GeographyPhotographs, satellite images and GIS help you interpret places from visual evidence and mapped data. Knowing what each image shows best, and how to combine map layers, helps you answer geographical skills questions.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/photographs-satellite-images-and-gis.mp4413yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/photographs-satellite-images-and-gis/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/choosing-and-reading-graphs2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/choosing-and-reading-graphs.jpgChoosing and reading graphs | IGCSE GeographyGraphs present data in different ways, so choosing the right type helps you see what the data shows. Reading scales carefully and describing trends with evidence helps you give accurate geographical answers.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/choosing-and-reading-graphs.mp4441yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/choosing-and-reading-graphs/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/averages-and-range-in-geography2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/averages-and-range-in-geography/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/quartiles-and-the-interquartile-range2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/quartiles-and-the-interquartile-range/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/percentages-and-percentage-change2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/percentages-and-percentage-change/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/scatter-graphs-and-lines-of-best-fit2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/scatter-graphs-and-lines-of-best-fit/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/the-two-papers-and-how-to-choose2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/the-two-papers-and-how-to-choose.jpgThe two papers and which questions to answer | IGCSE GeographyThe geography course is assessed in two papers with different topic areas, but both allow about one minute per mark. Knowing which questions match your studied topics helps you use your time on answers you can do well.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/the-two-papers-and-how-to-choose.mp4405yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/the-two-papers-and-how-to-choose/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/command-words2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/command-words.jpgCommand words | IGCSE GeographyA command word is the verb in a question that tells you what to do. Find it first so you give the kind of answer that earns the marks.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/command-words.mp4464yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/command-words/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/short-answers-explain-and-suggest2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/short-answers-explain-and-suggest.jpgExplain and suggest: the 2, 3 and 4 mark questions | IGCSE GeographyExplain and suggest questions ask you to give a reason and show what follows from it. Match the number of linked ideas to the marks, and use a country that fits the question when one is required.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/short-answers-explain-and-suggest.mp4427yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/short-answers-explain-and-suggest/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/using-the-figure2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/using-the-figure.jpgQuestions on a figure: using the evidence | IGCSE GeographyFigure questions reward you for using evidence from the figure as well as your own understanding. Read the figure carefully, then match your answer to the command word and support each reason with evidence.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/using-the-figure.mp4442yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/using-the-figure/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/the-6-mark-assess-question2026-10-09https://learnyoursubject.com/thumb/geo/the-6-mark-assess-question.jpgThe 6 mark assess question | IGCSE GeographyAn assess answer weighs up factors using evidence, then ranks them and explains which matters most. In Paper Two, Section C, a clear judgement is needed to reach the top level.https://learnyoursubject.com/video/geo/the-6-mark-assess-question.mp4389yes https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/the-6-mark-assess-question/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/the-8-mark-analyse-and-evaluate-questions2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/the-8-mark-analyse-and-evaluate-questions/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/the-12-mark-discuss-question2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-geography/the-12-mark-discuss-question/notes2026-10-09 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-french2026-10-23 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-french/past-papers2026-10-15 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-english-esl2026-10-23 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-french2026-10-23 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-french/past-papers2026-10-15 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-german2026-10-23 https://learnyoursubject.com/igcse-german/past-papers2026-10-15 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-german2026-10-23 https://learnyoursubject.com/ial-german/past-papers2026-10-15